Unit Two - Understanding Deductive Inferences

Question 1

Propositional logic

Answer 1

Branch of deductive reasoning that deals with logical relations among statements

Powerful tool to help us understand inferences

Question 2

Propositional logic = TRUTH FUNCTIONAL LOGIC

Answer 2

describes logical structures which take as their input the truth of certain statements and provides as their output
the truth of other statements

intrinsically preserve truth from the premises to the
conclusion

it is a powerful tool for helping us understand deductive inferences.

Question 3

symbolic logic

Answer 3

involves a formal language which replaces natural language with statements composed entirely of symbols

replacing natural language with symbols, we learn how to depict just the logical structure of an argument

a powerful tool for helping us understand inferences

Question 4

Compound statements

Answer 4

are statements composed of two or more simple

statements

Question 5

Simple statements

Answer 5

are statements that do not contain any other statements

as constituents

Question 6

connectives

Answer 6

are terms which connect simple statements together to form compound statements

Question 7

Variables

Answer 7

are letters which are assigned to replace statements

Question 8

Connectives

Answer 8

are symbols which are assigned to connect simple

statements together to form compound statements

Question 9

Inclusive disjunction

Answer 9

at least one of the two simple statements involved is

true

Question 10

Exclusive disjunction

Answer 10

only one of the two simple statements involved is true

Question 11

truth table

Answer 11

a table that specifies the possible truth values for a

set of statements

Question 12

truth value

Answer 12

a state representing the truth of a specified

statement

Question 13

two-valued logic

Answer 13

only two possible truth values: true (“T”) and false (“F”).