Unit Two, Topic 5 + 6

Question 1

Soil is developed from

Answer 1

mineral matter such as rock, soil and clay

Question 2

Climates determine what about plants?

Answer 2

What types of plants can grow in that climate and how fast they can decompose

Question 3

What two elements are required for soil organisms to break down plant and animal matter?

Answer 3

Warmth and moisture

Question 4

What is humus?

Answer 4

rich, dark soil

Question 5

What does humus do?

Answer 5

Humus holds nutrients and water for plants

Question 6

The type of vegetation growing in an area determines the

Answer 6

amount and type of organic matter in the soil

Question 7

Soil gives plants…

Answer 7

nutrients, water and a place to sink their roots and anchor themselves

Question 8

the mineral matter from which soil develops is called

Answer 8

parent material

Question 9

In healthy soil, spaces between the particles hold what for the roots?

Answer 9

Water and air

Question 10

The soil that contains decomposing roots is called

Answer 10

topsoil

Question 11

What color is topsoil

Answer 11

a brown or black

Question 12

The most diverse and numerous of all soil organisms is

Answer 12

bacteria

Question 13

Types of fungi includes

Answer 13

Moulds and Mushrooms

Question 14

A special type of bacteria that plays a vital role in decomposing organic matter and forming humus is called

Answer 14

Microscopic actinomycetes

Question 15

If soil contains lots of earthworms, it is usually considered

Answer 15

healthy

Question 16

Healthy, growing plants require large amounts of what six nutrients?

Answer 16

1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorus
3. Potassium
4. Sulphur
5. Calcium
6. Magnesium

Question 17

Which nutrient helps make leaves green?

Answer 17

Nitrogen

Question 18

Salinization

Answer 18

The white crust on a soil made of salt that has collected on the surface of soil

Question 19

How can soil erosion be solved?

Answer 19

by planting a cover of vegetation on the surface of the ground to slow the flow of water. This gives the soil more time to absorb the water.

Question 20

The rows of trees that farmers plant is called

Answer 20

shelterbelts

Question 21

What do shelterbelts do?

Answer 21

reduce wind damage to crops and trap snow to increase soil moisture

Question 22

A technique used to grow plants without soil is called

Answer 22

hydroponics

Question 23

In Canada, hydroponics is used in

Answer 23

greenhouses

Question 24

When trees are cut and removed from an area, how is the soil affected?

Answer 24

Wind and water can erode the soil

Question 25

How are weeds considered pests?

Answer 25

They steal moisture, nutrients, space and light from the crop

Question 26

4 ways dandelions are successful pest plants?

Answer 26

1. They have powerful roots
2. They have broad leaves
3. They have super seeds
4. They are adaptable

Question 27

What are dandelions chemical weapons?

Answer 27

they release chemical agents to slow down the growth of grass and other plants nearby

Question 28

7 of the worst pests around canola plants

Answer 28

1. Canada Thistle
2. Wild Oats
3. Blackleg Fungus
4. Sclerotinia
5. Fusarium Fungus
6. Bertha Army Worm
7. Lygus Bugs

Question 29

What do lygus bugs do?

Answer 29

suck the juice out of buds, flowers and seeds

Question 30

When pollutants move from level to level and get stored in organisms is called

Answer 30

Bioaccumulation

Question 31

When chemicals are washed off the plants, they can sometime leave what in the soil and water?

Answer 31

risidue

Question 32

If pesticides are not easily decomposed, they can stay in the environment and remain…

Answer 32

poisonous

Question 33

Scientists have discovered that as pesticide use increases, the number of insect species that can withstand their effects become

Answer 33

Resistant. Therefore there are more stronger pests

Question 34

Food that has been grown without the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides is called

Answer 34

organic food

Question 35

the layers of soil in a cross section is called

Answer 35

soil horizon

Question 36

The colour of top soil is

Answer 36

brown or black

Question 37

What did Charles Darwin call earthworms?

Answer 37

He called them intestines of the soil

Question 38

How much bacteria can live in one hectare of soil?

Answer 38

4 tonnes (t)

Question 39

What is a pest?

Answer 39

any organism that causes plants to die or produce less than they would otherwise

Question 40

Introduced species

Answer 40

a species which are introduced into an environment where they are not naturally found

Question 41

Why is a monoculture easier to deal with when it comes to pests

Answer 41

it is easier to find the right technique to kill pests that are specific to the type of crop

Question 42

What are cane toads?

Answer 42

a toad that was released in many areas of australia to control pests in sugar cane fields on farms. However, they live in cities too and have become a major nuissance in both urban and rural areas

Question 43

How did families control weeds before 1930?

Answer 43

they walked through the fields, pulled the weeds up and fed them to the family’s wild stock

Question 44

Name a chemical that was used thousands of years ago to control pests?

Answer 44

Herbicides

Question 45

A Natural way of controlling pests in your garden would be

Answer 45

finding a predator to do the work for you