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Official Grade Seven Science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of the relationship between living organisms and their environments is called:

A

Ecology

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2
Q

A scientist who studies interactions between abiotic and biotic parts of the environment is called a…?

A

Ecologist

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3
Q

Where does the word ecology come from?

A

It comes from the Greek word meaning “home”

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4
Q

When was the last swift fox seen in Alberta?

A

1928

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5
Q

What happened to the Swift Foxes?

A

They were accidently killed in the early 1900s when people used poison to control the wolves and coyotes

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6
Q

What are the basic needs of an animal?

A

Food, air to breathe, shelter and water

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7
Q

Food provides animals with nutrients such as fat, protein and carbohydrates which help animals…

A

grow, repair, and reproduce

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8
Q

Plants use carbon dioxide and “breathe” out…

A

oxygen

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9
Q

Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out…

A

carbon dioxide

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10
Q

An inherited characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment

A

an adaptation

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11
Q

An example of an adaptation is

A

Robin’s feet

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12
Q

The interactions between living and non living things in a particular environment is called an

A

ecosystem

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13
Q

All living things such as trees and animals and all the non-living things such as the sunlight and the air are…

A

interacting

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14
Q

When two species live closely together in a relationship that lasts over time is called…

A

symbiosis

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15
Q

Mutualism

A

a relationship between two different organisms in which each partner benefits from the relationship

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16
Q

What kind of relationship do ants and aphids have?

A

Symbiotic

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17
Q

How many types of symbiotic relationships are there and what are their names?

A

3:
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism

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18
Q

An organism that meets its needs at the expense of the other organism is what kind of relationship?

A

parasitism

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19
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits and the other partner appears neither to lose nor gain from the relationship

A

Commensalism

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20
Q

An example of commensalism

A

An orchid plant attached high up on a tree trunk

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21
Q

Natural resources are

A

materials and products that are found in nature to meet our basic needs

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22
Q

What are some examples of natural resources we use?

A

trees, water, oil and minerals

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23
Q

Many human technologies depend on

A

natural resources

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24
Q

An example of using technologies for natural resources is

A

generating electricity from trapping the energy from nature

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25
Q

Human needs often conflict with the needs of other living things such as when…

A

humans drive cars which harm the ecosystem with pollution

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26
Q

The major cause of songbird fatality in toronto is

A

the birds are attracted to the lights of the buildings and crash into the glass

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27
Q

How has the relationship between humans and their environment changed in Alberta since the time of the first settlers arrived here?

A

When settlers came they has a relatively low impact on the environment as all the goods were local. Now we import form other places which makes a larger impact on the environment

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28
Q

Why would our impact on the environment be different if we ate only locally grown food?

A

It would take less fuel and land to feed people who are eating locally

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29
Q

Describe how you use water as a need

A

to drink to stay hydrated

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30
Q

Describe how you use water as a need

A

Taking really long, hot showers

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31
Q

The environmental biologist who helps governments and developers use their land in a way that preserves the existing wildlife is names

A

Linda Sober

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32
Q

Shipping food from other countries is a (want or need)

A

Want

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33
Q

A computer game is a (want or need)

A

want

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34
Q

Feeding yourself properly is a (want or need)

A

need

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35
Q

Using resources in a way that allows nature to renew them quicker than they are being used is called

A

sustainability

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36
Q

How much land does the average Canadian need to sustain him/herself

A

4.3 hectares of land

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37
Q

the calculation of the total area of land and water to supply all the materials and energy a huamn uses as well as absorb the waste produced

A

Ecological footprint

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38
Q

Carpooling saves energy by

A

Using one less car to drive two people as opposed to driving in two separate cars

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39
Q

Example of reducing

A

limiting the amount of garbage you produce

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40
Q

Using things over and over again is called

A

reusing

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41
Q

Converting garbage into reusable material is called

A

recycling

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42
Q

Example of recycling

A

composting kitchen scraps

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43
Q

Blue box program

A

a waste management program that turns recyclables into goods

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44
Q

Technologists have figured out how to turn plastic into…

A

what they were originally made from

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45
Q

Another word for living parts of an ecosystem

A

biotic

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46
Q

types of biotic things

A

humans, trees, animals

47
Q

abiotic

A

word for non-living things

48
Q

example of abiotic

A

air, water, soil

49
Q

soil contains abiotic parts such as

A

minerals

50
Q

the role that is undertaken by an organism in an ecosystem

A

niche

51
Q

How do you determine an organisms niche?

A

look at what it eats, where it lives and how it interacts with the other organisms in the ecosystem

52
Q

Plants and algae are able to grow using the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil. They fill the niche called

A

producers

53
Q

What are the three types of niches?

A

Producers, consumers and decomposers

54
Q

Consumers

A

eat food made by producers

55
Q

Consumers are divided into what three groups?

A

herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

56
Q

animals that only eat producers are called

A

herbivores

57
Q

animals that only eat other consumers are called

A

carnivores

58
Q

examples of herbivores

A

cows, deer

59
Q

Examples of carnivores

A

lion, cougar

60
Q

Predators are

A

consumers that kill and eat other animals called prey

61
Q

Omnivores are animals that

A

each both plants and animals

62
Q

Koalas are endangered because

A

eucalyptus forests were cut down to make room for farms and other developments

63
Q

the total mass of living matter often expressed in dry weight or unti per area is called

A

biomass

64
Q

Fibre

A

the tissue of the plants stem, leaves, seeds or roots

65
Q

HOw do humans use plants?

A

food, clothing, paper and building materials

66
Q

Plants are critical to the ecosystem because

A

they produce oxygen that most organisms need for life

67
Q

Cotton is a

A

natural fibre used by humans for centuries

68
Q

the world’s most important non-edible plant is

A

cottom

69
Q

the oldest cultivated plant in the world that has less negative effect on the environment

A

hemp

70
Q

Flax

A

a food a fibre crop grown in the northern cooler regions of the world

71
Q

how many medicines are made from plants

A

more than 7000

72
Q

the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration

A

diffusion

73
Q

Differentially permeable

A

some materials are allowed to pass through

74
Q

Osmosis

A

the diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

75
Q

the part of the plant that absorbs water and minerals from the soil. It also acts as an anchor for the plant so that it is not blown away or washed away.

A

Roots

76
Q

A taproot has numerous

A

small roots coming out of it

77
Q

The smaller parts of the roots that increase the ability of the plant to absorb water and nutrients from the soil

A

root hairs

78
Q

Fibrous roots

A

a shallow system of similar-sized roots that can quickly soak up moisture

79
Q

Diffusion and osmosis are two key processes that allow

A

roots to absorb water and dissolve substances such as materials

80
Q

Where do the water and dissolved nutrients go after they are absorbed by roots?

A

The stems transport water between the leaves and roots

81
Q

What are the 5 layers of the tree

A
  1. Heartwood
  2. Xylem
  3. Cambium
  4. Phloem
  5. Bark
82
Q

Heartwood

A

the dead wood centre of the tree that gives the tree its strength

83
Q

Xylem

A

carries water and nutrients from the roots up to the leaves. As new layers develop, the inner layers die and become heartwood.

84
Q

Cambium

A

the growing part of the trunk.

85
Q

Each year the cambium produces new

A

phloem and xylem

86
Q

Phloem

A

the layer of cells that carries sugars from the leaves to the rest of the tree. As these cells die, they become part of the outer bark

87
Q

the woody skin that stops a tree from dying out is called

A

bark

88
Q

The second function of a stem is to

A

support the leaves and ensure that they receive adequate light, which the plant needs to produce food

89
Q

the process for when plants release carbon dioxide and let oxygen into their cells

A

respiration

90
Q

Transpiraton

A

the loss of water from a plant through evaporation

91
Q

Chlorophyll

A

the pigment that makes leaves green

92
Q

When people breed two types of plants to get desired characteristics, it is called

A

Selective breeding

93
Q

Genes

A

genetic material from a plant that determines its genes

94
Q

the production of seeds and fruits from specialized cells of two plants is called

A

sexual reproduction

95
Q

Another word for asexual reproduction is

A

vegetative reproduction

96
Q

Asexual reproduction is when

A

a parent plant grows new plants from its roots, stems or leaves

97
Q

Cone

A

the part of the tree that has a series of woody scales

98
Q

Pollination

A

the process of pollen traveling to the female cone

99
Q

Stamen

A

the male reproductive organ of a plant

100
Q

Pistil

A

the female reproductive organ of the plant

101
Q

Petals are usually the

A

brightly coloured parts of the flower

102
Q

Sepals

A

green and underneath the flower

103
Q

cases containing male reproduction cells are called

A

pollen grains

104
Q

Filament

A

the stalk that supports the anther

105
Q

4 female reproductive organs

A

stigma, style, ovary, ovules

106
Q

Stigma

A

the sticky lip of the pistil that captures pollen grains

107
Q

Style

A

the stalk that support the stigma

108
Q

Ovary

A

swollen base of pistil containing ovules

109
Q

Ovules

A

sacs containing female reproductive cells

110
Q

Sustainability

A

being able to grow food and fibre while keeping our natural systems healthy for the long term

111
Q

The most common crops in alberta are

A

wheat, oats, canola and barley

112
Q

Lois Hole helped to develop

A

special hardy seed varieties that could thrive in the Alberta climate

113
Q

Irrigation

A

using a system of large sprinklers and pipes

114
Q

Monoculture

A

only one type of plant in a field

Official Grade Seven Science (27 decks)

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