Unit Two Renaissance Flashcards
Renaissance meaning years
1450-1600
rebirth - breaking free from Church views
Science for fresh answers Humanism
Turkish took over Constantinople (Isantbul) 1453
church scholars fled to Rome, revived classical antiquity
Renaissance technology
printing press 15th C Johann Gutenberg
cost effective, changed a lot; understand and exchange more styles
music publishing centers Venice, Amsterdam and Antwerp
Renaissance Art
Michelangelo, Leondardo da Vinci Sandro botticelli; humanism; naked figures, more realistic than 12th-13 century; proportions correct, more 3D shadowing (before very 2D like in fabric murals)
continuous imitation
Renaissance style polyphony
motive passed between voices
series: points of imitation
homorhythmic
all voices sing same rhythm
chordal
text clarity
top voice stands out
modal counterpoint
polyphonic based on modes
counterpoint
word painting
musical pictorilization, music relfects text/idea
madrigals, operas, oratorios
chormatisicm
chroma colour greek
melodies/harm includes all notes avail
musical leaders
Frano-Flemish School
Murgandy, Belgium Holland
15 16th C
Johannes Ockeghem, Josquin des Prez, Jacob Orbrecht
vocal polyphony contracpuntal high development motets and mass
Renaissance motet
single text line; clarity direct
14C:more complexity, still built on cantus firmus and polytextual
15C: develop as significant genre vocal polyphony
allowed composer to experiement contrpuntal writting
Sacred 4 voice imitative contrasting 3rd 6th
Josquin des Prez
1440-1521
brilliant career supported nobles Sforza and d’Este families - worked in Italy prestigious churches including Sistine Chapel
Josquin’s Ave Maria
Virgin Mary exaulted during Renaissance - humanism motet 1470-1480 rhymed strohpic poem opening and closing couplet, 5 quatrains 4 voice a cappella polyphonic
Joquin Ave Maria music notes
plainchant and cantus firmus used in opening couplet fragment
continuous imitation ascending P4 Ave each voice, and gratia plena
Other texture: 1 quatrain; pairing of voices SQ, TB clarity
beautiful imitation layered in last two quatrains
closing homorhy chordal triadic harmony
rests; impact
ends with open 5ths
Josquin Ave Maria music notes extras
simple rhytm well balanced triple meter Ave vera verginitas syllabic but for small melismas word painting lucifer high pitch light 3 and 6th lots, cadnece in 5th or 8ths
Josquin Style
successful known
contrapuntal master canonic immitative
emotional expression humanism
meaning of words importantl clarity with texture
modal harmony triadic spiced with dissonance
Josquin Titles
motest 100 Ave Maria, Absalon, fili mi
Masses: 18, Missa L;homme arme, Missa La sol fa re mi
chanson: 60 el grillo, Millie regrets
Renaissance Mass
early monophonic, 12 13C organum - Machuat mass longest polyphonic middle ages
14 15C: polyphonic 5 mov contrapuntal devices
cantus firmus created from secular hymnes
parody, paraphrase, elaborate canonic
movements linked..same cantus firmus ie
can be freely composed
Mass
most important service Roman Catholic
prayers, readings, Last supper reinactment, Holy Communion
Mass Ordinary
unchanging prayers: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Santus, Benedictus, Angus Dei
Mass Proper
changing pryaers; calender
Gradual, introit, communion, alleluia
Martin Luther
1483-1546
1517 German preist, potest to practices of roman catholic 95 Theses
protestant reformation; Lutheran Church
transcribed bible into German
German service, replace polyphonic with simple Lutheran hymns
Reformation
16 C christian reform in Europe
MartinLuther lead
Protestant denominations
Counter-reformation
mid 16C Catholic reaction
win back support and authority
Council of Trent 1545-1563 meetings high officials
reaffirmed doctrines, litergical music: text audible, no dense counterpoint, no instruments, no chromatism, no secular cantus firmus, no virtuosity
Palestrina Missa Papae Marcelli Gloria
1567 Latin 6 SATTBB a cappela polyphonic opens monophonic Glory to God in the Highest through-composed sectional matches text unity at Son of God, You alone are most high texture changes diff voices mostly syllabic, easy to hear words restrained contrapuntal homorhtym spiritual message, not overbearing
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Style
deep personal faith counter reformed Catholic a cappella vocal polyphony model counerpoint of Renaissance chordal cantus firmus, parody, paraphrase, canonic vocal line move by step accents text dissonance avoided
Palestrina Titles
300 motets Lauda Sion, Alma Redemptoris Mater
100 Masses Missa L;homme arme, Missa Lauda Sion
liturgical works hymns magnificat
madrigals sacred secular
Italian Madrigal
14 C poetic form musical setting strophic
secular
16 17C secluar song aristocrats Italy went popular out to Eurpose and England
initial homophonic pleasure amature music
more complex polyphonic chrom aristocrats
late 16, early 17: virtuosic mannered personalized
17 C basso continuos -> baroque style
Italian Madrigal characteristic features
text short poems lyric reflective character through composed love and esign politics humor word painting chromat expressive
Carlo Gesualdo notes
1561-1613
aristocrat amateur musician Prince of Venosa
arranged murder wife and lover
Moro, lasso, al mio duolo general
1611
a cappella polyphoniv 5 voice
completixty refinement exaggerated chrom
Moro, lasso, al mio duolo words
I die, alas, in my suffering and she who could give me life alas, kills me and will no help me o worrowful fate she who could give me life, alas give me death
Moro, lasso, al mio duolo music notes
chromatic moro opening, all semitones firsrt 4 measures
descending chrom grief and death
active rhtm on ‘life’
imitation and seq motive
diatonic and she who give me life contrasts chromatic moro
chordal vs immitative contrasts
Carlo Gesualdo style
Italian, lutenist intense emtion extravag word paint exag chrom dissonance abrupt chord changes repition wrote own texts
Carlo Gesualdo titles
6 books of madrigals
sacred Tenebrae Responsoria
instrumental music
English Madrigal notes
Court Elizabeth 1st 1558-1603
madrigal grew in popularity and developed under her riegn
anthologies 1580’s popular spread England
musica transalpina
Musica transalpina anthology music from beyond the alps 1588 Nicholas Younge
vol 1; 57 pcs
English Madrigal music notes
English composers took on genre, slightly diff character Orlando Gibbons, Thomas Morley, Thomas Weekles, John Wilbye. poly and homophonic alternates word painting pastoral text nonsense fa la la nonny nonny no
Fair Phyllis notes
John Farmer 1599 a cappella 4 voices ply
phyllis alone feeding flocks, found by her lover and they fell a kissing
pyllis naration soprano voice
flock -all voices together homoryhtm syncopation on flock
up and down word painting immitation
o then fell a skiing triple meter synco fell a kissing
John Farmer style
organizst Christ Chruch Dublin to London 1599 collection 4 part madrigals Tears and Lamentations of Sorr Soul 4 voice madrigals chordal homophonic with imi polyphoni lightheart pastoral modal diatonic vivid word painting
John Farmer titels
16 madrigals in one collection
A pretty little bonny lass, Fair Phyllis
consort of instruments
renaissance term ensemble
whole consort - all family instruments
broken consort mixed combo
viols
bowed instruments renaissance
small to large
viola da gamba
viol family
6 strings
bw legs like cello
fretted like guitar
virginal
plucked keyboard in England
smaller harpsichord simpler less expensive
English rectangular, Italian Flemish various
lap or tabletop
Fitzwilliam Virginal Book
Englihs keyboard 17C Viscount Fitz patron 1816 donate Cambridge
300works
dances, fantasies, preludes, songs, madrigals
Willan Byrd, John Bll, Thomas Morley, Giles Farnaby
idiomatic writing
virtuosic rapid scale ornamentation
Carman’s Whistle, The Kings Hunt, The Ghost
Dance Music general
Eliz 1st and Henry VIII dancers; wanted courtier same. nobiity and middleclass dance social entertainment as early 13th C notation publishing allowd more notated improv in creation keyboard, lute, ensemble polyphonic 4 part like voal instrument not specified melodies from vocal words
Renaissance dances
branle, pavane, galliar, saltarello, allemande
often paired for contrast
pavane slow, galliard lively
Pavane Mille regretz
Danserye 1551 Belgium collection dances 'cheerful fit for all instruments' Josquin chanson AABBCC duple metre E Phyrgian mode a thousand regrets polyphonic 4 voices so many greif sorrow want to end my days
Pavane Mille regretz music notes
4 part texture like chanson duple frequen dotted modal traidic harmony top voice plays elegant arched melody each section repeated pavan dance; line of couples stately noble character
Tielman Susato
1515-1567
composer instrumentalist publisher Antwerp Belgium
Frano-Flemish masters works publish; Roland de Lassus 1532-1594
Danserye
