Unit Three Baroque

Question 1

Figured bass

Answer 1

Musical shorthand developed in Baroque era
Numbers placed below bass line harmonic progression
Played by basso continuo

Question 2

Basso continuo

Answer 2

Baroque performance practice: two performers one on bass line other harmony supports melody.
Harpsichord/organ realizes harmonies

Question 3

Monody

Answer 3

One song
New style 16th century
Sing vocal line with accompaniment
Allowed for better expression

Question 4

The Affections

Answer 4

philosophy Ancient Greek/roman writers
Emotional states of the soul
Single affect
Reaction to polyphony in Renaissance

Question 5

Binary form

Answer 5

Two part: A and B

A usually ends with open cadence

Question 6

Rounded binary

Answer 6

A:||:B + A:||

Question 7

Ternary Form

Answer 7

Three part ABA

B contrast key or material

Question 8

Terraced dynamics

Answer 8

Changing dynamics abruptly

Stark contrast

Question 9

Opera

Answer 9

Italian ‘work’
Drama sung
Italy. Florence 1600

Question 10

Stile rappresentativo

Answer 10

representational style
Monodic style synonym
Recit highten emotional power

Question 11

Castrato

Answer 11

Male soprano
Or alto
Obtained by surgery when young
Hero roles

Question 12

Libretto

Answer 12

Text of an opera

Question 13

Aria

Answer 13

Lyrical solo song

Expressing feelings

Question 14

Recitative

Answer 14

Speech-like style singing

Used for dialogue

Question 15

Recitativo secco

Answer 15

Dry recitative

Supported only by continuo

Question 16

Recitativo accompagnato

Answer 16

Accompanied recitative

Supported by orchestra

Question 17

Chorus

Answer 17

Adds variety to opera works

Group/crowd scenes

Question 18

Opera Seria

Answer 18

Serious opera
Sung throughout
Historical or mythical

Question 19

Stile concitato

Answer 19

Agitated style
Monteverdi term
Hidden tremors of the soul
Tremolo and pizzicato

Question 20

Sinfonia

Answer 20

Instrumental movement

Transition scenes

Question 21

Ground bass

Answer 21

Compositional device
Variations of a short melody continuous
Basic structure of opera

Question 22

Canata

Answer 22

Multi movement
Chorus and solo
Sacred secular recur Aria ensembles

Question 23

Chorale

Answer 23

A Hymn tune
Congregation sung
Harmonized four voices in Bach

Question 24

Canon

Answer 24

Greek word “law”

Polyphonic composition

Question 25

Fugue

Answer 25

Latin fugere, to flee Structured imitative contrapuntal Single theme

Question 26

Fugal texture

Answer 26

Contrapuntal imitation | Theme pervades

Question 27

Ritornello

Answer 27

Reoccurring theme/refrain

Question 28

Augmentation

Answer 28

Theme longer time values

Question 29

Arioso

Answer 29

Short vocal passage | More lyrical recit

Question 30

Oboe da caccia

Answer 30

Alto oboe | Curved hunting horn and pear shape bell

Question 31

Oboe d'amore

Answer 31

Mezzo soprano oboe | Lower than regular oboe pear shaped bell

Question 32

Taille

Answer 32

Tenor oboe pear shaped bell

Question 33

Baroque

Answer 33

Barroco irregularly shaped pearl | First derogative term then ornate art

Question 34

Baroque Era

Answer 34

``` Absolute monarchy Religious conflict Vivid color, violent images Ornamentation, intricate arts 1600-1750 ```

Question 35

Baroque Opera

Answer 35

1600 Florence Italy Cameras members Recreate Greek drama After madrigal

Question 36

Camerata members

Answer 36

Caccini Peri Galilei Count Giovanni de Bradi

Question 37

Camerata achievements

Answer 37

Invented monody | Also discussed science, art

Question 38

Oldest opera, early operas

Answer 38

1600 L'Euridice Orpheus and Euridice Goes to underworld after Euridice died to plead Le nuove mushice The New Music 1602 Amarilli Mia Bella, expressive style

Question 39

Castrato singer example

Answer 39

Carlo Maria Broschi 1705-1782 "Farnelli"

Question 40

Coronation of Poppea

Answer 40

``` Monteverdi 1642 Giovanni Busenello Lobrettist Roman History Nero, Poppea Mistress ```

Question 41

Monteverdi

Answer 41

1567-1643 Music director Duke of Mantua Maestro a Capella basilica San Marco Venic

Question 42

Monteverdi Style

Answer 42

``` Baroque: figured bass, major/minor tonality, nobody, doctrine of affects Chromaticism to show expression Word painting Increased emotional intensity Stile concitato Increased role of instruments for mood and characters Increase role of ensembles, Love duet ```

Question 43

Monteverdi Works

Answer 43

250 madrigals, 9 books L'orfeo, l'arianna, Sacred masses Magnificat, Vespers

Question 44

Poppea Coronation Theme Act 3 Scene 7

Answer 44

Consults and tribunes chorus Two part recit like Vocal tremolo on 'imperial'

Question 45

Poppea Sinfonia Act 3 S 7

Answer 45

Pur ti miro duet Nero and Poppea ABBA Tender mood A: ground bass, imitative descending line work painting B: free bass mor harmony short motives exchanged

Question 46

Purcell Dido and Aeneas

Answer 46

1689 Nahum Tate Librettist For students girls school on London Italian dynamic strings, French regal overture, English lyricism Poem Aeneid ancient roman Virgil Prince Aeneas shipwreck Queen Dido fall in love he leaves she kills herself

Question 47

Dido Recit Thy Hand, Belinda

Answer 47

C minor Recit secco Word painting descending vocal line -death Melisma on darkness - death

Question 48

Dido Aria When I am laid in the earth

Answer 48

``` G minor 3/2 time Ground bass, five measure pattern x 11 Word painting: descending melisma laid on earth Remember me- repeated one note ```

Question 49

Dido chorus With dropping wings

Answer 49

4 part softens lament intensity Two note melodic sign 'soft' Descending lines on drooping

Question 50

Henry Purcell

Answer 50

``` 1659-1695 Served 4 monarchs Prolific composer Combined It, Fr and Eng style Word painting Virtuosic keyboard ```

Question 51

Purcell Works

Answer 51

``` Sacred vocal anthems hymns te deum Drama music King Arthur, the Dairy Queen The Dido opera Solo songs Keyboard including suites Orchestra works ```

Question 52

Handel notes

Answer 52

1685-1759 Dominated London opera scene Giulio cesare, serse, Orlando, Alcina 30 years 40 operas Also combined eng It Fr styles

Question 53

Canata

Answer 53

``` German Lutheran chorale as framework Sung works 18th century services Multi movement Sacred or secular ```

Question 54

Bach Cantata No 80

Answer 54

1715, 1744 revised Lobrettist Salomo Franck A mighty fortress is our God 8 movements SATB chorus and solos, continuo and oboes Mov 1,5,8 pillars of full performance Original chorale 9 phrases with refrain moves by step

Question 55

Cantata Mov 1

Answer 55

All D major common time allegro Eine feste .. Tenor opening embellished original melody Canon and augmentation on fugue Word painting 'dreadful pains' dissonance

Question 56

Cantata Mov 2

Answer 56

``` Nit under Machr With our strength sop bass duet Allegro Bass fluid countermelody long melisma Strings unison agitated 16th note Oboe plays along with soprano ```

Question 57

Cantata Mov 5

Answer 57

``` 6/8 time Allegro full unison chorus und wern die Welt Melodic chorale theme compound time rearranged All oboes used March effect in chorus ```

Question 58

Cantata mov 8

Answer 58

``` Das Wort sie soller... Original chorale Moderato SATB all Instruments double voices Culmination into simplicity...journey to heaven, relying on Godms graces and not building up our own material gooda ```

Question 59

Concerto

Answer 59

Multi movement Fast slow fast Solo or grosso

Question 60

Concertino

Answer 60

Featured soloists in concerto grosso

Question 61

Ripieno

Answer 61

Complete also tutti | Full orchestra

Question 62

Ritornello

Answer 62

Restated first theme | Used in first and third movements

Question 63

Ordre

Answer 63

French: dance collection | Mini dances

Question 64

Double

Answer 64

Variation of theme in French keyboard

Question 65

Menuet

Answer 65

French dance popular Elegant Triple meter Moderate tempo

Question 66

Hornpipe

Answer 66

Dance Triple meter English Sailors

Question 67

Clavier

Answer 67

German keyboard not organ

Question 68

Clavichord

Answer 68

Small rectangular keyboard Metal strikes on strings Vibrato to key expressive sound

Question 69

Harpsichord

Answer 69

Plucked string

Question 70

Clavecin

Answer 70

French term harpsichord

Question 71

Gravicembalo

Answer 71

Italian for harpsichord

Question 72

Concerto grosso notes

Answer 72

Baroque instrumental more important Explored formal construction Innovative timbre virtuoso 17th century Italy

Question 73

Brandenburg concerto no2

Answer 73

1721 Bach one of 6 Violin oboe recorder trumpet F major

Question 74

Brandenburg Mov 1

Answer 74

Start ripieno tutti Concertino theme: trill top stepwise the n leap, seq imitation, Mod near by keys Ritornello Theme: tutti Tonic traid VS scale Bright cheerful, unifying No pauses no texture change spinning forward

Question 75

Brandenburg other | Movements summary

Answer 75

1: F Allegro Cut time Ritornello 2: Dmin Andante 3/4 concerto sans trumpet 3: F Allegro assai 2/4 four voice fugue

Question 76

Bach Style

Answer 76

``` Craftsman polyphonic Perfected older forms Contrapuntal in many genres Large scale works systematic WTC Sets of works: Eng Fr It Lutheran Teacher ```

Question 77

Bach Titles

Answer 77

Sec/sacred vocal: Canatas Coffe St Matt and John passions Mass in Bmin Orch suites concerti grosso Brandenburg concertos Chamber: sonata strings flute Keyboard golden burg Italian concerto preludes fugues Organ tocatta fugue Dmin passacaglia

Question 78

Orchestral Suites notes

Answer 78

Dance music became art Pairing contrasting dances Started in France and Germany ordre Binary form

Question 79

Dances

Answer 79

``` Allamanda Courante Sarabande Gigue Menuet Gavotte Bouree Aria ```

Question 80

Handles Water Music Suite

Answer 80

``` D Maj 1717 22 mov, 3 suites Baroque orchestra ```

Question 81

Water music Allegro

Answer 81

D Maj, C time ABA Allegro Non dance as variation A: Regal brass ascending tonic triad descending scale B: more active brass and string dialogue A returns shortened, cadence before next movement

Question 82

Water music Hornpipe

Answer 82

``` D Maj 3/2 ABA Allegro A: bold ascending syncopation Repeated note figure motif sequential High brass imitated by low brass B: Bmin less active features repeated note figure absence of brass A returns ```

Question 83

Handel Style

Answer 83

``` Cosmopolitan Regal Basic elements accessible Contrapuntal Vs homo Bold contrasts Dev Italian opera 40 works da capo virtuoso English oratorio role of chorus Vivid word painting Virtuoso idiomatic keyboard Organ concerto ```

Question 84

Handel Titles

Answer 84

``` Opera: Ronaldo Guilio Cesare Serse Orlando Oratorio: messiah, Judas mecc Israel in Egypt Scared vocal te Deum Keyboard and organ Orch suites concerto grosso ```

Question 85

Keyboard music notes

Answer 85

``` Baroque more Prominent Handel Bach Scarlatti 1685 born Scarlatti keyboard 500works Foreshadow sonata form ```

Question 86

Scarlatti Sonata Dmaj K430/L463

Answer 86

18th early 3/8 Non presto courtly dance Homophobic rounded binary

Question 87

Scarlatti Sonata A Section

Answer 87

``` Melodic figure symmetric phrase Rising sequence I to V7 Simple harmony Anticipates classical Harpsichord idioms: Passages , Rep notes mod A major ends with codetta ```

Question 88

Scarlatti sonata Sec B

Answer 88

``` Melodic figu in Amajor Dissonance Brief Dmin over Dom pedal Repeat some of A Coda ```

Question 89

Scarlatti Style age

Answer 89

``` 1685-1757 Brilliant harpsichord Idioms harpsichord Sequential passages Dissonance suspensions pedal points it Fr Eng Foreshadow sonata form ```

Question 90

Scarlatti titles

Answer 90

Sonatas 500 Sacred Stabat Mater salve Regina opera: Tolomeo et Alessandro