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RCM History 2 > Unit Three Baroque > Flashcards

Unit Three Baroque Flashcards

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1
Q

Figured bass

A

Musical shorthand developed in Baroque era
Numbers placed below bass line harmonic progression
Played by basso continuo

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2
Q

Basso continuo

A

Baroque performance practice: two performers one on bass line other harmony supports melody.
Harpsichord/organ realizes harmonies

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3
Q

Monody

A

One song
New style 16th century
Sing vocal line with accompaniment
Allowed for better expression

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4
Q

The Affections

A

philosophy Ancient Greek/roman writers
Emotional states of the soul
Single affect
Reaction to polyphony in Renaissance

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5
Q

Binary form

A

Two part: A and B

A usually ends with open cadence

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6
Q

Rounded binary

A

A:||:B + A:||

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7
Q

Ternary Form

A

Three part ABA

B contrast key or material

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8
Q

Terraced dynamics

A

Changing dynamics abruptly

Stark contrast

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9
Q

Opera

A

Italian ‘work’
Drama sung
Italy. Florence 1600

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10
Q

Stile rappresentativo

A

representational style
Monodic style synonym
Recit highten emotional power

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11
Q

Castrato

A

Male soprano
Or alto
Obtained by surgery when young
Hero roles

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12
Q

Libretto

A

Text of an opera

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13
Q

Aria

A

Lyrical solo song

Expressing feelings

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14
Q

Recitative

A

Speech-like style singing

Used for dialogue

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15
Q

Recitativo secco

A

Dry recitative

Supported only by continuo

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16
Q

Recitativo accompagnato

A

Accompanied recitative

Supported by orchestra

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17
Q

Chorus

A

Adds variety to opera works

Group/crowd scenes

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18
Q

Opera Seria

A

Serious opera
Sung throughout
Historical or mythical

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19
Q

Stile concitato

A

Agitated style
Monteverdi term
Hidden tremors of the soul
Tremolo and pizzicato

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20
Q

Sinfonia

A

Instrumental movement

Transition scenes

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21
Q

Ground bass

A

Compositional device
Variations of a short melody continuous
Basic structure of opera

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22
Q

Canata

A

Multi movement
Chorus and solo
Sacred secular recur Aria ensembles

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23
Q

Chorale

A

A Hymn tune
Congregation sung
Harmonized four voices in Bach

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24
Q

Canon

A

Greek word “law”

Polyphonic composition

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25
Q

Fugue

A

Latin fugere, to flee
Structured imitative contrapuntal
Single theme

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26
Q

Fugal texture

A

Contrapuntal imitation

Theme pervades

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27
Q

Ritornello

A

Reoccurring theme/refrain

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28
Q

Augmentation

A

Theme longer time values

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29
Q

Arioso

A

Short vocal passage

More lyrical recit

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30
Q

Oboe da caccia

A

Alto oboe

Curved hunting horn and pear shape bell

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31
Q

Oboe d’amore

A

Mezzo soprano oboe

Lower than regular oboe pear shaped bell

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32
Q

Taille

A

Tenor oboe pear shaped bell

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33
Q

Baroque

A

Barroco irregularly shaped pearl

First derogative term then ornate art

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34
Q

Baroque Era

A 
Absolute monarchy
Religious conflict
Vivid color, violent images
Ornamentation, intricate arts
1600-1750
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35
Q

Baroque Opera

A

1600 Florence Italy
Cameras members
Recreate Greek drama
After madrigal

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36
Q

Camerata members

A

Caccini
Peri
Galilei
Count Giovanni de Bradi

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37
Q

Camerata achievements

A

Invented monody

Also discussed science, art

38
Q

Oldest opera, early operas

A

1600 L’Euridice
Orpheus and Euridice
Goes to underworld after Euridice died to plead

Le nuove mushice The New Music 1602
Amarilli Mia Bella, expressive style

39
Q

Castrato singer example

A

Carlo Maria Broschi 1705-1782 “Farnelli”

40
Q

Coronation of Poppea

A 
Monteverdi
1642
Giovanni Busenello Lobrettist
Roman History
Nero, Poppea Mistress
41
Q

Monteverdi

A

1567-1643
Music director Duke of Mantua
Maestro a Capella basilica San Marco Venic

42
Q

Monteverdi Style

A 
Baroque: figured bass, major/minor tonality, nobody, doctrine of affects
Chromaticism to show expression
Word painting
Increased emotional intensity
Stile concitato
Increased role of instruments for mood and characters 
Increase role of ensembles,
Love duet
43
Q

Monteverdi Works

A

250 madrigals, 9 books
L’orfeo, l’arianna,
Sacred masses Magnificat,
Vespers

44
Q

Poppea Coronation Theme Act 3 Scene 7

A

Consults and tribunes chorus
Two part recit like
Vocal tremolo on ‘imperial’

45
Q

Poppea Sinfonia Act 3 S 7

A

Pur ti miro duet Nero and Poppea
ABBA
Tender mood
A: ground bass, imitative descending line work painting
B: free bass mor harmony short motives exchanged

46
Q

Purcell Dido and Aeneas

A

1689
Nahum Tate Librettist
For students girls school on London
Italian dynamic strings, French regal overture, English lyricism
Poem Aeneid ancient roman Virgil
Prince Aeneas shipwreck Queen Dido fall in love he leaves she kills herself

47
Q

Dido Recit Thy Hand, Belinda

A

C minor
Recit secco
Word painting descending vocal line -death
Melisma on darkness - death

48
Q

Dido Aria When I am laid in the earth

A 
G minor
3/2 time
Ground bass, five measure pattern x 11
Word painting: descending melisma laid on earth
Remember me- repeated one note
49
Q

Dido chorus With dropping wings

A

4 part softens lament intensity
Two note melodic sign ‘soft’
Descending lines on drooping

50
Q

Henry Purcell

A 
1659-1695
Served 4 monarchs
Prolific composer
Combined It, Fr and Eng style
Word painting
Virtuosic keyboard
51
Q

Purcell Works

A 
Sacred vocal anthems hymns te deum
Drama music King Arthur, the Dairy Queen
The Dido opera
Solo songs
Keyboard including suites
Orchestra works
52
Q

Handel notes

A

1685-1759
Dominated London opera scene
Giulio cesare, serse, Orlando, Alcina 30 years 40 operas
Also combined eng It Fr styles

53
Q

Canata

A 
German Lutheran chorale as framework
Sung works
18th century services
Multi movement
Sacred or secular
54
Q

Bach Cantata No 80

A

1715, 1744 revised
Lobrettist Salomo Franck
A mighty fortress is our God
8 movements SATB chorus and solos, continuo and oboes
Mov 1,5,8 pillars of full performance
Original chorale 9 phrases with refrain moves by step

55
Q

Cantata Mov 1

A

All D major
common time
allegro
Eine feste ..
Tenor opening embellished original melody
Canon and augmentation on fugue
Word painting ‘dreadful pains’ dissonance

56
Q

Cantata Mov 2

A 
Nit under Machr With our strength
sop bass duet
Allegro
Bass fluid countermelody long melisma
Strings unison agitated 16th note
Oboe plays along with soprano
57
Q

Cantata Mov 5

A 
6/8 time
Allegro full unison chorus
und wern die Welt
Melodic chorale theme compound time rearranged
All oboes used
March effect in chorus
58
Q

Cantata mov 8

A 
Das Wort sie soller...
Original chorale
Moderato SATB all
Instruments double voices
Culmination into simplicity...journey to heaven, relying on Godms graces and not building up our own material gooda
59
Q

Concerto

A

Multi movement
Fast slow fast
Solo or grosso

60
Q

Concertino

A

Featured soloists in concerto grosso

61
Q

Ripieno

A

Complete also tutti

Full orchestra

62
Q

Ritornello

A

Restated first theme

Used in first and third movements

63
Q

Ordre

A

French: dance collection

Mini dances

64
Q

Double

A

Variation of theme in French keyboard

65
Q

Menuet

A

French dance popular
Elegant
Triple meter
Moderate tempo

66
Q

Hornpipe

A

Dance
Triple meter
English
Sailors

67
Q

Clavier

A

German keyboard not organ

68
Q

Clavichord

A

Small rectangular keyboard
Metal strikes on strings
Vibrato to key expressive sound

69
Q

Harpsichord

A

Plucked string

70
Q

Clavecin

A

French term harpsichord

71
Q

Gravicembalo

A

Italian for harpsichord

72
Q

Concerto grosso notes

A

Baroque instrumental more important
Explored formal construction
Innovative timbre virtuoso
17th century Italy

73
Q

Brandenburg concerto no2

A

1721 Bach one of 6
Violin oboe recorder trumpet
F major

74
Q

Brandenburg Mov 1

A

Start ripieno tutti
Concertino theme: trill top stepwise the n leap, seq imitation, Mod near by keys
Ritornello Theme: tutti Tonic traid VS scale
Bright cheerful, unifying
No pauses no texture change
spinning forward

75
Q

Brandenburg other

Movements summary

A

1: F Allegro Cut time Ritornello
2: Dmin Andante 3/4 concerto sans trumpet
3: F Allegro assai 2/4 four voice fugue

76
Q

Bach Style

A 
Craftsman polyphonic
Perfected older forms
Contrapuntal in many genres
Large scale works systematic WTC
Sets of works: Eng Fr It 
Lutheran
Teacher
77
Q

Bach Titles

A

Sec/sacred vocal: Canatas
Coffe St Matt and John passions Mass in Bmin
Orch suites concerti grosso Brandenburg concertos
Chamber: sonata strings flute
Keyboard golden burg Italian concerto preludes fugues
Organ tocatta fugue Dmin passacaglia

78
Q

Orchestral Suites notes

A

Dance music became art
Pairing contrasting dances
Started in France and Germany ordre
Binary form

79
Q

Dances

A 
Allamanda
Courante
Sarabande
Gigue
Menuet
Gavotte
Bouree
Aria
80
Q

Handles Water Music Suite

A 
D Maj
1717
22 mov,
3 suites
Baroque orchestra
81
Q

Water music Allegro

A

D Maj, C time ABA Allegro
Non dance as variation
A: Regal brass ascending tonic triad descending scale
B: more active brass and string dialogue
A returns shortened, cadence before next movement

82
Q

Water music Hornpipe

A 
D Maj 3/2 ABA Allegro
A: bold ascending syncopation
Repeated note figure motif sequential
High brass imitated by low brass
B: Bmin less active features repeated note figure absence of brass 
A returns
83
Q

Handel Style

A 
Cosmopolitan
Regal
Basic elements accessible
Contrapuntal Vs homo
Bold contrasts
Dev Italian opera 40 works da capo virtuoso 
English oratorio role of chorus
Vivid word painting 
Virtuoso idiomatic keyboard
Organ concerto
84
Q

Handel Titles

A 
Opera: Ronaldo Guilio Cesare Serse Orlando
Oratorio: messiah, Judas mecc
Israel in Egypt 
Scared vocal te Deum
Keyboard and organ 
Orch suites concerto grosso
85
Q

Keyboard music notes

A 
Baroque more
Prominent
Handel Bach Scarlatti 1685 born
Scarlatti keyboard 500works
Foreshadow sonata form
86
Q

Scarlatti Sonata Dmaj K430/L463

A

18th early
3/8
Non presto courtly dance
Homophobic rounded binary

87
Q

Scarlatti Sonata A Section

A 
Melodic figure symmetric phrase
Rising sequence I to V7
Simple harmony
Anticipates classical
Harpsichord idioms:
Passages ,
Rep notes
mod A major ends with codetta
88
Q

Scarlatti sonata Sec B

A 
Melodic figu in Amajor
Dissonance
Brief Dmin over Dom pedal
Repeat some of A
Coda
89
Q

Scarlatti Style age

A 
1685-1757
Brilliant harpsichord
Idioms harpsichord 
Sequential passages
Dissonance suspensions pedal points
it Fr Eng
Foreshadow sonata form
90
Q

Scarlatti titles

A

Sonatas 500
Sacred Stabat Mater salve Regina
opera: Tolomeo et Alessandro

RCM History 2 (5 decks)

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