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RCM History 2 > Baroque and Classical from History 1 > Flashcards

Baroque and Classical from History 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Baroque Era dates?

A

1600-1750

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2
Q

Which era is in 1600-1750?

A

Baroque era

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3
Q

Classical era years?

A

1750-1825

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4
Q

End of 18th century is the ….

A

High Classical Era

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5
Q

Baroque characteristics…

A

Grand, ornamental

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6
Q

Classical characteristics

A

Balanced, dramatic dyanmic changes

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7
Q

Composers in Baroque

A

BachHandelVivaldi

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8
Q

Composers Classical era

A

ClementiSalieriMozartHaydnBeethoven

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9
Q

American Revolution dates

A

1776

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10
Q

French Revolution

A

1789

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11
Q

Opera Genres

A

Opera SeriaOpera BuffaDrama GiocosoSingespiel

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12
Q

Style is ….

A

Repertoir, Composition Title, Genre

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13
Q

Mozart paragraph points

A

Elegant, songful melodiesDriven by the court, not folkCourtley astheticsMood ranged from lively to somber

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14
Q

Mozarts writting notes

A

Contra-punctal lines interweave thru diff orchestral partsModerate chromatic harmonyPyscological depth operaExpanded the architecture of opera finale: act 2 Marriage of Figgaro

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15
Q

Beethoven years

A

1770-1827

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16
Q

Beethoven teenager

A

Took care of family and went to U of Bonn fell in love with Lorchen 17-22

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17
Q

Beethoven childhood

A

1-8 lived with father as teacher11-17 in Bonn taught by Christian Gottlob Neefe

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18
Q

Beethoven 20’s

A

Went to Vienna in 1792, french recolution getting too closetonBonn.1796 tour Europe started selling works

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19
Q

Beethoven established era 1800-1806

A

Lot of political movement just prior1801 started loosing hearingDarkest time 1802Increased to 1806 highest point: wrote 3-8 symphony, violin concerto, Waldstein sonatas

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20
Q

Beethoven war era

A

1808-1812Hard times, still composedHaydn passed away 1809Beethoven Maelzel fundraising: Battle symphony

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21
Q

Beethoven decline era

A

1812-1820’sStruggled with loss of hearingSocially strugglingBrother died 1815, nephew Karl problems very distracting

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22
Q

Beethoven final years

A

1820’sReceived grwat commisions europe, america. Wrote 9th symphonyStarting to break barriersAlso weakinging healthPassed away 1827

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23
Q

Handel’s Style

A

powerful rhythmic drivePreferred diatonic harmonyatmosphere for scenesexpressive phrasing in vocal, majestic archesvirtuosic arias

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24
Q

Mozart’s Style

A

Simple, elegant, songful melodies*Dramatic thematic contrastinterweaving contrapunctual lines, colour orchesmoderate chromatic harmony3 opera: buffa (Figaro), seria (Idomeneo), singspiel (Magic Flute)

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25
Q

Haydn’s Style

A

Terse, angular themesDrone bass (folk-like song)expanded orchestra, more brass, clarinet, percuExpressive harmonyLogical structure: sonata cycle

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26
Q

Beethoven’s Style

A

fused Haydn and Mozart (early)longer movements, expanded development and codadevlop ternary sonata form (late)highly expressive piano sonatas (Pathetique, appastionata)Concertos combine virtuosity with symphonic structure

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27
Q

Schubert’s Style

A

prolific song writer (Lieder)accomp-t becomes descriptive, equal performersongs convey passion and despairfolk-like songsnovel harmonic language and key changes for describing text

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28
Q

French overture

A

AAB. Baroque, complementing two sections.

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29
Q

da capo aria

A

Baroque form, voice solo with instrument acompt

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30
Q

figured bass

A

interval notation off bass

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31
Q

basso continuo

A

Structure: bass and chords

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32
Q

equal tempermant

A

tuning: notes are leveled with frequency (12 equal tone)

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33
Q

recitative

A

the details sung

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34
Q

recitative stypes

A

secco (dry continuo), accompagnato (orchestra)

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35
Q

ritornello

A

rondo-like motif, opening theme returns in other areas

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36
Q

melisma

A

turn: one vowel, move between several notes

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37
Q

sonata allegro form

A

2 themes, intro, develop, recap

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38
Q

cyclic form

A

theme occurs again throughout

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39
Q

rocket theme

A

fast, low to high theme

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40
Q

Haydn years

A

1732-1809

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41
Q

Haydn general points

A

Father of the symphonyMusic was playful while elegantUsed common dramatic themes: Sturm und Drang and sensibility styleMonothematicInflunced by folk songs and dancesMimic guitar and bagpipes

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42
Q

Haydn Early years

A

Born in Rohrau, Austria 1732Musical siblingsSt Stephens choir, educationExperience performing mass festivals

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43
Q

Haydn teenager

A

Kicked out of choirMade money teaching and street preforming: lots of impromptu

44
Q

Haydn 20’30’

A

Kapellmeister EsterhazyMarried Maria Anna KellerPrince NikolaiWrote for Opera, theater and chapelWrote so many symphonies and sqSecluded in EsterhazyMid1780’s commisssionsVisited friends in Vienna

45
Q

Haydn 58-63

A

58- leaves EsterhazyTour London- London SymphoniesSurprise, Clock, Drumm Roll, Oxford symphonies445 folk songs arr george thompsonFamous, conspiring w youth Mozart, Beethoven

46
Q

Haydn late years

A

Return Vienna: The Creation, The Seasons oratorioSix masses Prince Nicholas 2Nelson massHealth deterioratedNapolean arrive in Vienna 1809, he died

47
Q

Haydn Titles

A

104 symphonies: 94: surprise, 100 Military, 104: LondonConceros: p,v,c,t68 string quartets: op76 no2 Quinten, no3 Kaiser>40 piano sonatasOrot: The Creations, The SeasonsSacred: lord Nelson mass, mass in the time of warOpera: 1;: ArmidaTheater works

48
Q

Haydn String Quartet

A

Op76, no21797Quinten- desc 5thsMOV. 4Dmin-DmajSonataVivace assai2/4Exposition: syncopatedTheme 1: ascending intervals pianoFermattheme2: Fmaj descending seqDevlop: theme 2, diff texture, dim7 tensionRecap: dmaj theme1Cello absentCoda: rapid triplets, end FF

49
Q

Beethoven titles Early

A

-1802Moonlight op2Pathetique op10Symphony 1,2: HaydnPiano Concerto 1,2String piano trio: Haydn 6SQ Sturm ImmitationHM 10PS tremelo Cminor pref

50
Q

Beethoven Middle titles

A

Romatic 1815 abruptMod chrom expDevCoda Scherzo cyclical form linkedMovnts piccolotromboneCTbasson
3-8symphonies *3 eroica, 6 PastoralFideleo OperaViolin concertoEmperor concerto5Appasionata, Waldstein sonatasRazumosky string q

51
Q

Beethoven Late titles

A

adsmeditat conterpt expan Chrous Sno9 variation Missa solemnisLast 4 sonatas: Hammerklavir, op111 sonata 32 9th symphonyGreat FugueDiabelli variations

52
Q

Shubert Intro

A

Born 1797 ViennaContrib to LeiderClassical+RomanticBohemian artistFather school masterViolin piano viola family SQSalieri taught him, Imperial Chaple Choir

53
Q

Schubert Early

A

16, wrote ErlkingSchool teacherFreelance musician, sold songs

54
Q

Schubert Middle

A

Esterhazy summerFriends: mayrhefer, vogschubertiadesLonging for the unreachableNot a virtuoso performer: networkWanted to write operaOpera Die Zwillingsbrader, Alfonso und EstrulaSyphillis depression my Prayer

55
Q

Schubert later

A

Great Symphony in C 1826 29Visited BeethoveenDie Winterreise, Der Doppelganger, othersmass EbDied 31 yrs old

56
Q

Schubert Style 2

A

Classical +romanticSonata, std orchestraInf by Mozart lyric, Beethoven symphonicPoet GoetheDeep emotions: Death and the Maiden, Die winterriese Fantasy F minMelody to produce colour

57
Q

Schubert Titles

A

600 Leider: standchen, ave maria, die forelle, mignons leidSong cycle: Die winter, Die schone Mullerin9 symphony: 9 great, 8 unfinishedChamber: 15 SQ death and the Maiden, troutPiano many varian dance sonata duetChoral: 7 massesOpera: dieZwillinsbrader

58
Q

Prelude

A

Keyboard improv shortPaired with fugue

59
Q

Fugue

A

Structured, immitative contrapunctalSingle theme

60
Q

Subject

A

First statment o main theme in fugue

61
Q

Answer

A

Second statement in main theme fugueDominant key

62
Q

Real answer

A

Exact transposition o the subject

63
Q

Tonal answer

A

Statement of subject: intervals ajustednto fit harmony

64
Q

Countersubject

A

A recurring counter melodyWith subject+answer

65
Q

Episode

A

Passage in fugue no subject or answerFrequently sequential

66
Q

Augmentation

A

Thematic material longer time values

67
Q

Stretto

A

To tightenOverlap subjects

68
Q

Inversion

A

Thematic material upside down

69
Q

Diminution

A

Thematic shorter time values

70
Q

Pedal point

A

Sustained note harmonies change

71
Q

Tierce de Picardie

A

Minor key ends in tonic majorCommon in Baroque

72
Q

Mozart Early

A

1756 born Salzburg AustriaPiano prodigy, performed at 6Toured Paris, London, swt met Bach9 yrs toured performed

73
Q

Mozart middle yrs

A

As Concert master for 4 yrs: sym, SQ, sonata opera, ciolin concert,piano concerto 9: 21yrsLeft Austria 21, poverty return home mom sick: court organist: Coronation mass23: vienna freelanceOpera Die EnthfuhrungMet ConstanzeBach handle infl: Magic Flute, Sym 41Friend w HaydnProlific paid Marriage Figaro, Don Giovanni

74
Q

Mozart later

A

Chamber composer Emporer Joseph IIWarring country, low moneythe magic flute, Requiem, piano concerto BbLast perform 1791 piano coned BbDied 1791

75
Q

Mozart Titles

A

40Sym: 38: Prauge, 41: Jupiter27 piano concerto23 SWSonatas, fantasies, variations20 opera: Don G, Cosi fan tutti, marriage, magic flu, Vocal leider, concert arias, motets and masses, Coronation mass, requiem mass

76
Q

Antonio Vivaldi bio Style 2

A

1678-1741Violin and conductorVeniceCathlic prist red hairComposer of oper but concertos were famousDev 3mov concertoRitornelli form alotIdiomatic stringsVirtuoso stringProgramAsymettric phraseInventive, animatedItslian colour, movem rhythm driveSense of what came nextConcertos: multiple combinations

77
Q

Vivaldi Titles

A

> 400 concertos, >200 violinOp3: l’esto armonicoOp8: The Four SeasonsOp9: Harp —op12English concertos 9concerti Cmaj RV558>40 operas: Orlando Furioso, GriseldaSacred: oratorio, Juditha Triumphs, motets and Gloria

78
Q

Bachs ppl

A

johann christoph- older brothe raisedLubeck- influCarl Phillip sonMaria Marbara wifeWilheim Friedmann sonDuke Weimar pAtronPrince Cothen patron friendAnna magdelena wilcke wife2Johan christian sonJohann christoph son

79
Q

Handels ppl

A

Prince Ferdinand de mediciprince Francesco Maria RuspolIgeorge ludwig Elector Hanoverqueen anneEarl of BurlingtonDuke Chandos

80
Q

Mozarts ppl

A

Emperor Joseph IILorenzo da Ponte- librettistHaydn friendsConstanze Weber wifeEmanuel Schikander librettist magic flutelLeopold II king Bohemia

81
Q

Haydn ppl

A

Count Ferdinand von MorzinEsterhazy: Prince NickolaiMaria anna keller wifeGeorge thomson- songs 445Napolean

82
Q

Beethovens ppl

A

Christian Gottlob Neefe teacherLorchen loveNapoleanCaspar brotherKarl nephewJohanna sister in law

83
Q

Schuberts ppl

A

SalieriJohann Micheal VoglJohann mayrheferSchoberGoethe

84
Q

Jojann Senastian BachGeneral

A

1685-1750Musical familyBaroque craftsmanshipAlways wrote with intention,AwarenessReligious artist/scholar

85
Q

Bach early

A

Born in Eisenach Germany 1685Orphan, brother taught himGreek latin theologyVirtuoso organ violinInstrument repair16: organist and vioinist Luneberg18: first job rebuilt organ

86
Q

Bach Armstadt Mulhausen

A

Court violinist chamber musician org1705- left to meet Buxtehude in Lubeck1707 marriedWrote first contatas ( too hard for singers)

87
Q

Bach Weimar

A

1708-1717 canata period3d in com Court organist under Duke WeimarFamous organ worksLutheran service: canata chorale prelude1717 one month jail

88
Q

Bach Cothen

A

1717-1723 Instrumental periodMore $ less dutyKapellmeister Prince Leopold Cothen friendNo music in church CalvinistWell Tempered Clavier bk1Remarried Anna Wilcke two childBrandenberge concertos POP4 orch suites, lute suites, 6 unacc violin

89
Q

Bach Leipzig

A

1723-1750Cantor St Thomas SchoolTeaching comp dire church servDirector Collegieum musicim UniGoldberg varjations Art of FugueWrote 1 canata a week, 5 yrs1942 Well Tempered Clavier bk21750 died stroke

90
Q

Bach Style

A

High baroqueReligious: christian events focusHighly mathematical, constructivist, used chorael to anchor opening chorusGerman+French+italian

91
Q

Bach Titles

A

Keyboard: notebook for Anna mag for wilheim friedman. Well Temp, tocattas6 french and 6 eng suites, italian concertos, fantasy and fugueOrgan: chorale preludes passacaglia fuguesChamber: 6 unac viol and celloOrch: 6 brandenberge concertos, 4 orch suites, vili harp concertosVocal: 200 cantatas, passions St matthew St john mass B min

92
Q

Handel Titles

A

Opera: Rinaldo, GiuliomCesare, serse, orlandoOro: messiah, judas maccabeus, israel in egyptSacred: ofe for saint cecilia, Te DeumKryboard: organ harpOrch: suites(water music, music for royalmfireworks) concerti grosso, organ concertosChamber: trios and sonatas

93
Q

George Frideric Handel sumary

A

1685-1759Vortuoso violinist and organistEsteemed conductorGerman + italian + french + englishGot italian opera style stuck in his head

94
Q

Handel early

A

1685 born Halle GermanyFather well off surgeon/barber did not approve music careerMade him study layStudied music after w died

95
Q

Handel Hamburg

A

1703-1706Violinist and harpsichordistOpera orchestraWrote Almira, Nero

96
Q

Handel Italy

A

1706-1710Prince Ferdinand de mediciprince Francesco maria ruspoliAbsorbed italitan as seen in operas, oro and concertosVisited major cities

97
Q

Handel Hanover

A

1710-1712Kapellmeister George Ludwig Elector of Hanover

98
Q

Handel London

A

1712-1759Anuity Queen Anne1714 elector becomes kingErl Burlington an Duke of Chandos patrons1719 founded Royal Academy of Music for operaFamous singers Faustina and Francesca1728 brittosh subject1742 Messiah premeried Dublin sucsses1753 retired, failing eyesightPasses away at Westminster abbey

99
Q

Handels messiah general

A

Test to internationalsOratorio1742librettist Charles Jemens1: prophecy of christ and birth2: christ suffeing snd death, spread doct3: redemption of the world4 solo, string orch + continuo, oboe, bassoon. Trumpet and timpani

100
Q

Handels messiah overturn

A

SinfonyFrench overtureA rep , BE minTime: CSec A: Grave homophonicDotted rhythmElegant, grand, awe but sadSecB: allegro moderato, polyphonic fugal3 voices , into violin oboeReal fugue answr 2.3voicesWords spread out to the world

101
Q

Handels messiah There Were Shephards

A

Recit secco sopranoC majTime: CThere were shephards adibing in the field, keeping watch over their flocks by night’Recit accom Fmaj Andante TimeCand Lo’ the angel of the Lord came, shone they were afraid-excited accompRecit secco Dmaj, TimeCAnd the angel said fear not good tidings born this day Christ the LordRecit acc Dmaj timeCAnd suddenly all angels praise God saying…

102
Q

Handels Messiah Glory to God

A

ChorusdmajAllegro CGlory to GodPeace^ earth dwnRejoice greatly sop ariaBb maj Allegro C ABARejoice high leaps runs excitedGreatly emphasizesec B GminHe is the righteous saviour, speak peace unto the heathenContrast: legato minor homophonic slower diff rythm

103
Q

Handels Messiah Hallelujah

A

ChorusD mjaAllegro CHallelujha for the Lordomnipotent reignethHomoeythmic texture grand wide the massesImmitative polyphony and he shall reignClimax progressionsHallelujah

104
Q

Schubert early early

A

Born 1797 ViennaFather school masterLearned violin and piano fromFatherPlayed viola family SQImeperial Chapel Choir 9yrsSaleri taught theory and comp

105
Q

Schubert 2 large contributions

A

1: Leider: piano and voice changed forever2: modulate distant keys no prepShows profound phycological stateSense of alienation( out of body) chromatic modulationExtreme change mood state

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