Unit Two - Organelles Test

Question 1

What are the difference between plant and animal cells?

Answer 1

P - have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole
A - have lysosomes

Question 2

Function of nucleus

Answer 2

Stores DNA

Question 3

Function of golgi body

Answer 3

Delivers and modifies protein

Question 4

Function of mitochondria

Answer 4

Makes ATP (energy)

Question 5

Function of ribosomes

Answer 5

Make proteins

Question 6

Function of rough ER

Answer 6

Covered with ribosomes
Protein sysnthesis

Question 7

Function of smooth ER

Answer 7

Makes fats
Store calcium

Question 8

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 8

Where photosynthesis happens

Question 9

Function of vacuoles

Answer 9

Store water

Question 10

Function of lysosomes

Answer 10

Contains acid
Breaks down food

Question 11

Function of cell membrane

Answer 11

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 12

Function of cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Hollow tubes that act like highways

Question 13

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 13

Jelly-like substance in a cell

Question 14

Which of these is polar? Hydrophobic fatty acid tails or hydrophilic heads

Answer 14

Hydrophilic heads

Question 15

Which of these is nonpolar? Hydrophobic fatty acid tails or hydrophilic heads

Answer 15

Hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 16

Hydrophilic

Answer 16

Likes water

Question 17

Hydrophobic

Answer 17

Doesn’t like water

Question 18

Selectively permeable membrane

Answer 18

Only certain molecules are able to pass through

Question 19

Isotonic

Answer 19

Equal inside and outside of cell
Cell stays the same

Question 20

Hypertonic

Answer 20

Outside has more solvent than inside
Cell shrinks

Question 21

Hypotonic

Answer 21

Inside has more solvent than outside
Cell expands

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Movement of molecules from high to low

Question 23

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

When proteins help molecules move

Question 24

Osmosis

Answer 24

Diffusion of water

Question 25

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Answer 25

A - requires water P - doesn't require water

Question 26

Endocytosis/Phagocytosis Is it active or passive transport?

Answer 26

E/P - When the cell engulfs food Active transport

Question 27

What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?

Answer 27

A - can make their own food H - only get energy from consumption of food

Question 28

ATP

Answer 28

The energy molecule for cells

Question 29

What are the three parts of the structure of ATP?

Answer 29

3 phosphate groups ribose adenine

Question 30

How does ATP release energy and form ADP?

Answer 30

they lose a phosphate group

Question 31

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 31

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 32

What is a pigment?

Answer 32

molecules that absorb light energy

Question 33

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 33

main pigment in plant cells reflects green light absorbs blue and red light

Question 34

Why are plants green?

Answer 34

because chlorophyll reflects green light

Question 35

Why do leaves change colors?

Answer 35

because chlorophyll stops being created as often due to the temperature

Question 36

What is produced during the light dependent reactions?

Answer 36

ATP and O2

Question 37

Where do the light dependent reactions take place within the chloroplasts?

Answer 37

take place in the thylakoid membrane

Question 38

What is produced during the Calvin cycle?

Answer 38

Glucose

Question 39

Where does the Calvin cycle take place within the chloroplasts?

Answer 39

takes place in the stroma

Question 40

What is ATP synthase? How does it create ATP?

Answer 40

a protein that spins and attaches a phosphate to ADP, creating ATP

Question 41

What are three different factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 41

color of light amount of light amount of CO2

Question 42

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 42

when sugars are broken down to create ATP

Question 43

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 43

C6H126O2 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 44

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 44

glycolysis krebs cycle electron transport chain

Question 45

What happens during glycolysis?

Answer 45

glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

Question 46

Where does glycolysis take place within a cell?

Answer 46

cytoplasm

Question 47

How many ATP molecules are produced at the end of glycolysis?

Answer 47

2 ATP

Question 48

Where do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur within a cell?

Answer 48

mitochondria

Question 49

How many ATP molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 49

2 ATP

Question 50

How many ATP molecules are produced during the electron transport chain?

Answer 50

32 ATP

Question 51

How many ATP molecules are produced at the end of cellular respiration?

Answer 51

36 ATP

Question 52

Is cellular respiration an aerobic or anaerobic process? Why?

Answer 52

Aerobic because it requires oxygen

Question 53

Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process? Why?

Answer 53

Anaerobic because it breaks down sugar in the absence of oxygen

Question 54

What are the two types of fermentation?

Answer 54

alcoholic lactic acid

Question 55

What are two differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 55

P - in chloroplasts / makes sugar C - in mitochondria / breaks down sugar

Question 56

True or False Plants can perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Why?

Answer 56

True Because they contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts