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Biology > Evolution Test > Flashcards

Evolution Test Flashcards

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1
Q

On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed…

A

Somewhat similar species with triats that suited their particular enviornment

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2
Q

The species of tortoises that Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the…

A

Variation in length of tortoises’ necks and shell shape

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3
Q

Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after…

A

Observations of many species and their geographical locations

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4
Q

When Darwin returned from the voyage of the Beagle, he…

A

Wrote about his ideas, but waited many years to publish them

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5
Q

When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?

A

Survival of the fittest

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6
Q

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have…

A

Variations and adaptations best suited to the environment

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7
Q

Darwin viewed the fossil record as…

A

A record of evolution

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8
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of…

A

Natural variation and natural selection

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9
Q

Which concept is included in the modern theory of evolution?

A

Descent with modification, natural selection, and competition among the members of a population

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10
Q

When a farmer breeds only his/her best livestock, the process involved is…

A

Artifical selection

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11
Q

Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its enviornment…

A

Fitness

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12
Q

Which Vocab Word: any difference between individuals of the same species

A

Variation

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13
Q

Which Vocab Word: a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

A

Adaptation

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14
Q

Which Vocab Word: structures that have different mature forms and functions in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

A

Homologous structures

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15
Q

Which Vocab Word: the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species; survival of the fittest

A

Natural selection

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16
Q

Which Vocab Word: the gradual change in a species over time

A

Evolution

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17
Q

Which Vocab Word: a well-trained concept that explains a wide range of observations

A

Scientific theory

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18
Q

Which Vocab Word: the intentional breeding of plants or animals

A

Artifical selection

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19
Q

Which Vocab Word: occurs when species have evolved alongside each other in response to the changes in the other organism

A

Co-evolution

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20
Q

Which Vocab Word: he wrote about the theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species

A

Charles Darwin

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21
Q

Which Vocab Word: a 375 million year old transitional fossil

A

Tiktaalik

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22
Q

Which Vocab Word: ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

A

Fitness

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23
Q

Which Vocab Word: the formation of a new species

A

Speciation

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24
Q

Which Vocab Word: the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment

A

Ecology

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25
Q

Describe three different observations that Darwin made about animals in South America and on the Galapagos Islands.

A

-tortoises had different types of shells on each island
-finches had different beak sizes on each island
-marine iguanas matched the color of the rocks

26
Q

What are four types of evidence that support the theory of evolution?

A

-DNA
-fossil records
-homologous structures
-similarities in embryology

27
Q

Give two examples of adaptations

A

Physiological (physical)
Behavioral (behavior)

28
Q

Define geographic, temporal, and behavioral isolation

A

-geographic: two populations separated by geographic barriers
-temporal: two species reproduce at different times
-behavioral: two populations are capable of interbreeding, but don’t

29
Q

List five conditions that will cause evolution to occur

A

-mutation
-natural selection
-gene flow
-genetic drift
-nonrandom mating

30
Q

Define genetic drift and allele frequency

A

-genetic drift: random change in allele frequency that occurs in small populations
-allele frequency: the percentage of each type of allele in a population

31
Q

What is population bottleneck? Why is it detrimental for a population to have low genetic diversity?

A

-an event where a population’s size is greatly reduced
-detrimental because it takes away their ability to adapt

32
Q

Why was the finding of Tiktaalik a significant discovery in the field of evolutionary biology?

A

means all tetrapods descend from one species

33
Q

What was Darwin’s greatest contribution to science, and how did he develop it?

A

-development to theory of evolution
-went on a voyage, gained observations

34
Q

What did Peter and Rosemary Grant research on the Galapagos Islands?

A

galapagos finches

35
Q

Within a period of only 20 years, how many times did the Grants observe natural selection happen with the beak sizes of the finches?

A

observed natural selection

36
Q

What environmental factor caused the beak sizes of the finches to become larger in the population during the Grants’ research project?

A

large drought because smaller seeds became scarce

37
Q

What environmental factor caused the beak sizes of the finches to become smaller in the population during the Grants’ research project?

A

strong storm because larger seeds became scarce

38
Q

How many different species of finches live on the Galapagos Islands?

A

13 species

39
Q

How did different species of finches form on the islands?

A

One finch populates one island, a descendant reaches a different islands, faces new conditions and adapts, and then they are two different species

40
Q

A prairie dog, hawk, and a badger all are members of the same…

A

community

41
Q

What are three examples of limiting factors for population?

A

space, food, and water

42
Q

A freshwater lake has a muddy bottom, which is home to different types of algae and other organisms. Many species of fish feed on the algae. What are the abiotic factors in this ecosystems?

A

-temperatur of water
-pH of water
-clarity of water

43
Q

In which type of interaction do both species benefit?

A

mutualism

44
Q

A flea living on a cat’s blood is an example of…

A

parasitism

45
Q

What are two methods of determining a population size?

A

-quadrat sampling
-mark and recapture

46
Q

Let’s say you had to determine the population size of pine trees in a forest. What type of method would you use? Why?

A

sampling because it is stationary

47
Q

What is carrying capacity? Why can’t a population go above the carrying capacity?

A

-largest population that an area can support
-limited space and resources

48
Q

Why is it difficult to determine a carrying capacity for the human population?

A

depends on how we live (if we live sustainably)

49
Q

On a population graph, what is on the x-axis?

A

time

50
Q

On a population graph, what is the dotted line at the top of the population line?

A

carrying capacity

51
Q

What are the two types of growth curves for populations? How are they different?

A

-exponential growth: continues to grow
-logistic growth: grows and stops when limited resources are depleted

52
Q

What is the name of the island that has moose and wolf populations for ecologists to study?

A

isle royal

53
Q

What type of symbiosis is this: Egrets are beautiful white birds that roost on the back of cows. The cows are not affected.

A

commensalism

54
Q

What type of symbiosis is this: A tick lands on a dog. It feeds on the dog’s blood. Large infestations may weaken the dog and make it susceptible to other illnesses.

A

parasitism

55
Q

What type of symbiosis is this: Lichens are a combination of an alga and a fungus. The alga produces food for the fungus, the fungus provides protection for the alga and supplies needed nutrients.

A

mutualism

56
Q

Which Vocab Word: the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources

A

competition

57
Q

Which Vocab Word: a group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce

A

species

58
Q

Which Vocab Word: all the members of one species in a particular area

A

population

59
Q

Which Vocab Word: the community of organisms that live in a particular area, along with their nonliving surroundings

A

ecosystem

60
Q

Which Vocab Word: all the different populations that live together in an area

A

community

61
Q

Which Vocab Word: and interaction in which one organism kills another for food

A

predation

62
Q

Which Vocab Word: a relationship between two species and at least one species benefits

A

symbiosis

Biology (5 decks)

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