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NUR111 POWERPOINT Note Cards > Unit Two: Elimination > Flashcards

Unit Two: Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of elimination

A

The secretion and excretion of physiological waste products by the kidneys and intestines

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2
Q

Concepts related to elimination

A 
Fluid and electrolytes
Self care and self image
Mobility 
Inflammation
Teaching Dan learning
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3
Q

Alterations in Urinary elimination

A 
Polyuria
Urinary frequency
Anura
Olxiguria
 Polydipsia
Nocturia 
Urgency
Dysuria
Urinary frequency
Retention
Neurogenic bladder
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4
Q

Bowel Elimination

A

Diarrhea
Constipation
Bowel incontinence
Impaction

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5
Q

Nursing Assessment for elimination

A 
Change in voiding patterns
Medications
Use of elimination aids
Diet
Fluid intake
Stress
Disease
Appearance of urine and stool
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6
Q

Independent Interventions for alterations in urinary elimination.

A 
Monitoring I’s and O’s
Personal Hygiene
Cath use and care
Urine Collection
Client Education
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7
Q

Independent Interventions for Bowel elimination

A

Client dietary education
Client physical education
Bowel training
Personal hygiene

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8
Q

Collaborative Interventions for alterations in urinary elimination

A

Diuretics
Anticholinergics
Cholinergics
Dialysis

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9
Q

Collaborative interventions for bowel elimination

A

Laxatives
Stool softeners
Antidiarrheals
Surgery

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10
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

Involuntary urination. A symptom not a disease; normal consequence of aging.

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11
Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology

A

Results from higher than normal bladder pressures or reduced urethral resistance.
Relaxation of pelvic musculature
Disruption of cerebral and nervous system control
Disturbances of bladder and musculature

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12
Q

Urinary incontinence risk factors:

A 
*Age
Women more than men
Obesity
Smoking
Constipation
Pregnancy
Depression
Neurological disorders
Certain medications
Diabetes
Inactivity
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13
Q

Prevention of Urinary incontinence

A 
Life-style modification
Maintaining a healthy weight
High fiber diet
Avoid bladder irritants
Drinking adequate fluid but not excess
Exercising regularly
Not smoking
Reviewing medications
Reducing physical barriers to toileting for clients at high risk
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14
Q

Clinical manifestation of urinary incontinence

A 
Inability to avoid urinating 
Inability to urinate 
Increased rate of urinations
Leakage
Uncontrolled wetting
Frequent bladder infections
Developmental considerations
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15
Q

Diagnostic tests for urinary incontinence

A 
Bladder diary
Urinalysis
Blood tests
24-hour urine
Post void residual measurement
Urodynamic testing stress test
Ultrasound
Cystoscopy
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16
Q

Pharmacological therapy for urinary incontinence

A 
Urge incontinence:
-antispasmodic-oxybutin(ditropan)
-Anticolinergic-tolterodine(Detroit)
Stress incontinence :
-imipramine (tofranil)
BPH:
-Alpha blockers (cardura, hytrin, Flomax)
-5 alpha reductive inhibitors (avodart, proscar)
17
Q

Nonpharmacological therapies for urinary incontinence

A 
Kegel exercises
Behavior modification
Absorbent pads/diapers
Pessary in vagina to hold up bladder
Urethral insert to plug leaks
Catheter
Surgery
18
Q

Patient Education for Urinary incontinence

A 
Maintain generous fluid intake
Wear comfortable clothing
Maintaining good hygiene
Preform pelvic muscle exercises
Reduce consumption of caffeinated fluids
Reduce consumption of citrus juices
Regular primary care examinations
Report changes in urine, symptoms to primary care provider
Avoid constipaiton
19
Q

Etiology and pathophysiology of Urinary retention

A

Mechanical obstruction, functional obstruction

20
Q

Risk factors of urinary retention

A 
Age
Male
Previous bladder, prostate, or voiding problems
Urinary incontinence
Voluntary urinary retention 
Infection
Immobility
Chronic Pain
Emotional destress
Cognitive impairment
-Stroke or neurological disease
Costipation
Drugs
21
Q

Drugs that cause Urinary Retention

A

*Anticholinergics
*Opioids
Anti anxiety
Antidepressants
Antiparkinsonian
Antipsychotics
*Antihistamines

22
Q

Prevention of Urinary Retention

A 
Identify pt’s at risk
Behavioral modifications
Time voiding
Assist pt to toilet
Provide bedside commode
Teach intermittent self catheterization
5-alpha reductive inhibitors for men with BPH
23
Q

Acute bladder retention

A

Is considered a medical emergency; is the sudden painful inability to void a full bladder

24
Q

Chronic urinary retention

A

Usually painless; common in men, increase in residual ruin volume

25
Q

Constipation

A

Three or less bowel movements in a week. Little or no passage of stool. Most common in older people. Can be caused by postponing urge or chronic use of laxatives.

26
Q

Impaction

A

Stool gets hard and causes a blockage. Often leads to incontinence seepage of foul smelling liquid from rectum. Often caused by dependence on laxatives

27
Q

Risk factors of bowel incontinence, constipation, and impaction

A 
Activity
Diet
Drugs
Large bowel disorders
Psychogenic—“I need to have a BM every morning at 8”
Systemic problems
Chronic laxative use
Inflammation
Local trauma
Neurologic causes
Other physiological causes
Psychological causes
28
Q

Methods of prevention for bowel incontinence, constipation, and bowel impaction

A 
Nutrition
*6-8 glasses of water a day
Exercise
Acting on urge to defecate
Avoid long term use of laxatives
Good dental hygiene
Regular toileting schedule
Kegel exercising
29
Q

Diagnostic tests for people with constipation, impaction, and bowel incontinence

A 
Digital rectangular exam 
Anorectal manometry
Barium enema
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
30
Q

Pharmacological therapy for constipation, impaction, and bowel incontinence

A 
Bulk-forming laxatives
Stimulants
Osmotic
Stool softeners
Lubricants
Saline laxitives
Chloride channel activators
Enemas
Suppositories
Prokinetic drugs
31
Q

Nonpharmacologic therapy for constipation, impaction, and bowel incontinence

A 
Education
Nutrition
Behavioral management
Bowel training
Biofeedback
Manual removal stool
32
Q

The nurse is caring for a client in a long-term care facility who has not had a bowel movement in 5 days. The unlicensed assistive personal report that the client is passing a very small amount of liquid stool. What action should the nurse take initially?
A. Check the client for impaction
B. Advise the healthcare provider of the situation
C. Document the findings
D. Administer a laxative

A

A. Check for impaction

33
Q

Which statement provides evidence that an older adult who is prone to constipation is in need of further teaching?
A. I drink one and one and a half quarts of liquids each day
B. I need to take a laxative such as milk of mag if I don’t have a bowel movement everyday
C. If my bowel pattern changes I should call you
D. Eating my meals at regular times is likely to result in regular bowel movements

A

B

34
Q

The nurse is working with a family of an older pt with bowel incontinence. Which intervention will the nurse teach the family about bowel incontinence?
A. Place the client in a brief at all times
B. Place the client on the commode at the same time every day
C. Do not try to stimulate stools with suppositories
D. Ask the client to tell the family when the urge to defecate

A

B.

NUR111 POWERPOINT Note Cards (8 decks)

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