Unit Three: Ecology

Question 0

Levels of organization of ecology

Answer 0

Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with the physical environment

Question 2

Population density

Answer 2

Number of individuals per unit area

Question 3

Population distribution

Answer 3

Pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area of interest

Question 4

Types of population distribution

Answer 4

Clumped
Random (most common)
Uniform

Question 5

How do we measure population growth?

Answer 5

Age at which reproduction begins

How often each individual reproduces

Chances of survival until reproduction

Usual number of offspring per reproductive event

Question 6

Type one survivorship

Answer 6

Humans

Question 7

Type two surivivorship

Answer 7

Birds

Question 8

Type three survivorship

Answer 8

Amphibians

Question 9

How would a more developed country look compared to a lesser developed country in a age structure diagram?

Answer 9

A developed country has slow to no growth and a lesser developed country has rapid growth.

Question 10

Exponential growth

Answer 10

Rapid and curved line

Question 11

Logistic growth

Answer 11

Restricted and s shaped

Question 12

Carrying capacity

Answer 12

Largest number off organisms of a particular species that can be sustained indefinitely by a given environment

Question 13

Density dependent factors

Answer 13

Biotic

Question 14

Density independent

Answer 14

Abiotic

Question 15

R selection

Answer 15

Produce lots of offspring and invest very little in each (bacteria)

Question 16

K selection

Answer 16

Allocate energy to their own growth and survival of their offspring (humans)

Question 17

Community

Answer 17

Assemblage of populations interacting with one another within the same environment

Question 18

Habitat

Answer 18

Place where an organism lives and reproduces

Question 19

Niche

Answer 19

The role it plays in its environment

Question 20

Generalist species

Answer 20

Varied niche

Question 21

Specialist species

Answer 21

Specific niche

Question 22

Competition

Answer 22

Organisms compete for a niche

Question 23

Intraspecific competition

Answer 23

Same species compete

Question 24

Interspecific competition

Answer 24

Different species compete

Question 25

Predation

Answer 25

Predator kills prey for food

Question 26

Parasitism

Answer 26

One organism is harmed the other benefits

Question 27

Commensalism

Answer 27

One organism benefits and the other is not affected

Question 28

Mutualism

Answer 28

Both organisms benefits

Question 29

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 29

No two species can indefinitely occupy the same niche at the same time

Question 30

Prey defense mechanism

Answer 30

``` Camouflage Warning coloration Mimicry Odor Poisonous chemicals ```

Question 31

Batesian mimicry

Answer 31

Lacks the defense of the organism

Question 32

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 32

Shares the defense of the organism

Question 33

Ecological succession

Answer 33

Establishment of a community in a previously uninhabitable area of a community in a distributed area

Question 34

Primary succession

Answer 34

Community begins to develop on a site previously unoccupied by living succession

Question 35

Secondary succession

Answer 35

When an existing community is disrupted and a new one develops at the site

Question 36

Climax community

Answer 36

Final stage of succession

Question 37

Keystone species

Answer 37

A species that an ecosystem largely depends on

Question 38

Problems with exotic species

Answer 38

Bio magnification Decrease in biodiversity Creates an unbalance in the tropic levels

Question 39

Ecosystem

Answer 39

Place where organisms interact among themselves and with the physical and chemical environment

Question 40

Tropic levels

Answer 40

Tertiary consumers (decomposers) Secondary consumers Herbivores Producers

Question 41

10% rule

Answer 41

Only ten percent of energy from one level is available to the next level

Question 42

What is the relationship of biomass, energy, and numbers as you go up a pyramid?

Answer 42

They decrease

Question 43

Biological magnification

Answer 43

Process by which substances become more concentrated in organisms in the higher tropic levels of a food web

Question 44

How does the distribution of solar radiation affect a climate?

Answer 44

Increases the temperature leading to global warming

Question 45

Rain shadow effect

Answer 45

Causes little precipitation in that area

Question 46

Carbon cycle

Answer 46

An element is drawn from the atmosphere and increase the average temperature of the earths atmosphere and oceans

Question 47

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 47

Continuous process by which nitrogen circulates in the air, soil, water, and organisms of the biosphere

Question 48

Eutrophication

Answer 48

Enrichment of water by inorganic nutrients caused by human acrivities

Question 49

Biodiversity

Answer 49

Diversity of organisms and its is important to provide genetic variation

Question 50

Threatened species

Answer 50

Species vulnerable to endangerment

Question 51

Endangered species

Answer 51

Species vulnerable to extinction

Question 52

How is biodiversity valuable?

Answer 52

Used directly for medicine, consumptive, and agriculture Used indirectly for bio geochemical cycles, waste disposal,provision of fresh water, prevention of soil erosion,climate regulation, and ecotourism

Question 53

What are the major causes of the loss of biodiversity?

Answer 53

Habitat loss Exotic species Pollution Over exploitation

Question 54

Keystone species

Answer 54

Key species to an ecosystem

Question 55

Flagship species

Answer 55

Species people love that raise awareness

Question 56

Source population

Answer 56

Breeding group that produces enough offspring

Question 57

Sink population

Answer 57

Breeding group that does not produce enough offspring