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AP Biology > Unit Five: Origin And Diversity Of Life > Flashcards

Unit Five: Origin And Diversity Of Life Flashcards

0
Q

3800 MYA

A

RNA, DNA, and proteins form

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1
Q

4000 MYA

A

Amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids form

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2
Q

3500 MYA

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

3000 MYA

A

Photosynthetic bacteria and oxygen in the atmosphere form

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4
Q

2200 MYA

A

Single eukaryotic cell appears

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5
Q

2100 MYA

A

Prokaryotes become more diverse and ozone layer forms

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6
Q

2000 MYA

A

Multicellular organisms appear

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7
Q

1000 MYA

A

Sexual reproduction is evident

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8
Q

500 MYA

A

Vertebrates (jawless fish) and invertebrates (trilobites) appear

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9
Q

443.7 MYA

A

Extinction 1

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10
Q

443 MYA

A

Vascular plants and lobe finned fish appear

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11
Q

440 MYA

A

Non-vascular land plants appear

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12
Q

435 MYA

A

Jawed fish and arthropods appear

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13
Q

416 MYA

A

Gymnosperms appear

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14
Q

395 MYA

A

Amphibians and insects appear

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15
Q

359.2 MYA

A

Extinction 2

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16
Q

345 MYA

A

Reptiles appear

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17
Q

251 MYA

A

Extinction 3

Archaeopteryx (reptile/bird) appear

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18
Q

225 MYA

A

Early dinosaurs evolve, mammal appear

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19
Q

199.6 MYA

A

Extinction 4

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20
Q

180 MYA

A

First birds appear

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21
Q

120 MYA

A

Angiosperms appear and dominant

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22
Q

65.5 MYA

A

Extinction 5

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23
Q

64 MYA

A

Early primates appear

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24
.01 MYA
Homo sapiens appear
25
Taxonomy
Identifying, naming, and classifying organisms
26
Binomial Nomenclature
Two part naming system with the genus name first and capitalized followed by the species name. All of it is underlined or in italics.
27
Species
Organisms that can produce fertile offspring
28
Major classification of organisms
``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```
29
What is the difference between ancestral and derived characteristics?
Ancestral characteristics evolved first and derived characteristics evolved later
30
What types of evidence are used to determine phylogeny?
``` Fossil record Homology Molecular data DNA hybridization Molecular clock Systematics ```
31
Molecular Clock
Nucleic acid changes at a constant rate
32
Systematics
Diversity of organisms at all levels of organization
33
Phenetic systematics
Species classified by number of similarities - measure as many traits as possible - count number of traits two species share - estimate how closely related they are - doesn't take into account convergent or parallel evolution
34
Traditional systematics
Use anatomical data (structural difference) | A evolved organism may not be classified with common ancestor
35
Cladistic systematics
Uses derived characteristics to arrange a cladogram | Traces evolutionary history
36
Bacteria
Cell wall with peptidoglycan Unicellular Prokaryote with phospolipids
37
Archaea
Unicellular Varied lipids Ribosomes and introns
38
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotes Phospholipids Membrane bond organelles
39
What are the general characteristics of members of the protist kingdom?
``` Eukaryotes Mostly unicellular Vary in size Complex Heterotrophic Asexual and sexual reproduction ```
40
How do protists produce sexually?
Spores
41
What are photosynthetic protists?
Algae
42
Where do plant and animals originate?
Protists
43
How are protists classified?
Complexity makes it difficult to classify | It's in the domain eukaryotic and the kingdom Protista
44
What are characteristics of fungi?
``` Eukaryotes Mostly multicellular Heterotrophs Non motile Sexual and asexual reproduction ```
45
Zygospores fungi
Bread mold
46
Sac fungi
Yeast, morels, truffles
47
Club fungi
Mushrooms Puffballs Shelf fungi
48
Lichen
Algae and fungus symbiotic relationship
49
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship between fungus and plant roots
50
Parazoa
No tissue
51
Eumetazoa
Has tissue
52
Diploblastic
Two layers of tissue
53
Triploblastic
3 layers of tissues
54
What are types of body symmetry?
Asymmetrical, bilateral, radial
55
Acoelomate
No coelom
56
Pseudocoelomate
Not fully lined by mesoderm
57
Coelomate
Lined by mesodermal tissue
58
Protostome
Spiral, determinate cell cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, coelom forms by splitting mesoderm
59
Deuterostome
Radial, interminate cell cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, coelom forms by outpacing primitive gut ( echinoderm,chordates)
60
Cephalization
Location of the brain and organs at the anterior end | Higher evolved have more cephalization
61
Porifera
Multicellular
62
Cnidaria
Tissues, multicellular
63
Platyhelminthes
Bilateral, tissue, multicellular
64
Nematoda
Body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular
65
Mollusca
Endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular
66
Annelida
Segmentation, endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular
67
Arthropoda
Segmentation, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular
68
Echinoderm
Endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular
69
Chordata
Endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular, backbone
70
What are the four major groups of plants?
Non-vascular plants Vascular plants Gymnosperms Flowering plants
71
Non-vascular plants
Protect embryos | Mosses, hornworts, liverworts
72
Vascular plants
Seedless | Club moss, horsetails, ferns
73
Gymnosperms
Naked seeds | Conifers
74
Flowering plants
Flowers | Dicots, monocots
75
How do plants adapt to land?
``` Cuticle Stomata Mycorrhizae Roots Vascular Flowers Seeds ```

AP Biology (7 decks)

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