unit three

Question 1

describe the tertiary sector

Answer 1

the service sector including entertainment, retail tourism and finance. in a developed economy the service sector is the biggest component of the economy

Question 2

what % of the economy and % employment does the tertiary sector account for?

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

what is gentrification?

Answer 3

the displacement of working class populations in an area as more affluent people move in. this process results in increased house prices and changing local services to represent the new demographic

Question 4

what are the three stages of gentrification?

Answer 4

1. the early stage
2. the transitional stage
3. the late stage

Question 5

what happens in the early stage of gentrification?

Answer 5

in run down working class/inner city locations, “urban pioneer” groups move in to take advantage of low rent costs. this causes an artistic community to develop with new services such as indie coffee shops and ethical stores
there is a limited impact on the existing working class residents and property prices

Question 6

what happens in the transitional stage of gentrification?

Answer 6

the reputation is enhanced due to the new urban pioneers moving in triggering more affluent people to move in to make use of the new positive social vibe, alongside this tourism increases and the demand for property increases causing a rise in house prices. a lot of the initial working class residents are outpriced and replaced by more affluent people

Question 7

describe the late stage of gentrification

Answer 7

the reputation of an area is firmly established as a trendy affluent and upcoming area as more wealthier residents are attracted to moving in there. private investments usually take place and the original working class and urban pioneers are outpriced, and forced to relocate

Question 8

what is the gentrification case study?

Answer 8

shoreditch

Question 9

where is shoreditch?

Answer 9

an inner city located in hackney, london

Question 10

when did shoreditch experience the early stage of gentrification and what happened?

Answer 10

in the 1990s urban pioneers such as Alexander McQueen moved. greasy spoon cafes still operated but street art was being created and raves were happening in warehouses

Question 11

when did shoreditch experience the transitional stage of gentrification and what happened?

Answer 11

in the 2000s the area had become one of the trendiest places in london attracting an influx of affluent hipsters and businesses with rising property prices

Question 12

what happened to shoreditch house prices between 2005 and 2010?

Answer 12

increased by 53% going from 220,000 to 350,000

Question 13

when did shoreditch experience the late stage of gentrification and what happened?

Answer 13

from the 2010s to present day the demographic of shoreditch has been firmly established as a wealthy middle class area with a plethora of services to match the growing affluence

Question 14

by how much % have professional occupations risen in shoreditch between 1990 and 2010?

Answer 14

they have gone from 7% in 1990 to 18% in 2010 ( a rise of 11%)

Question 15

what cafe in shoreditch was targetted with anti-gentrification protests?

Answer 15

the cereal killer cafe

Question 16

how much did the cereal killer cafe charge for one bowl of cereal?

Answer 16

3.20

Question 17

what designer store opened up opposite the cereal killer cafe?

Answer 17

versache

Question 18

what company invested in real estate in shoreditch?

Answer 18

gillard homes - charging 1.5 million for a 2 bedroom flat in shoreditch

Question 19

what is an example of a town that did not follow all three stages of gentrification?

Answer 19

harborne, birmingham which is a gentrified area in stage two - it never experienced urban pioneers or hipsters moving in which would be traditional characteristics of stage 1 gentrification

Question 20

when did the big city plan launch?

Answer 20

september 2010

Question 21

how much did the big city plan cost?

Answer 21

£10 billion

Question 22

how much money was spent on the 2022 commonwealth games in birmingham?

Answer 22

£700 million

Question 23

when was brindley place regenerated?

Answer 23

1990s

Question 24

how much money was spent regenerating brindley place

Answer 24

£200 million

Question 25

what is re-urbanisation?

Answer 25

the movement of people back into urban areas that have previously experienced outward migration. the process attracts more affluent younger members of society usually employed in the quaternary and tertiary sectors

Question 26

what is the case study for re-urbanisation?

Answer 26

brindley place

Question 27

what is the percent of professional jobs inside the reurbanised area of brindley place compared to outside

Answer 27

inside - 60%
outside - 16%

Question 28

how many homes are rented from the council inside vs outside of the regenerated brindley place?

Answer 28

inside - 1%
outside - 73%

Question 29

what is the local multiplier effect?

Answer 29

the growth in a component of the local economy from an initial investment in another part of the economy

Question 30

what did the regeneration of brindley place cause?

Answer 30

a rise in affluence resulting in an increased spending in the leisure and entertainment sectors

Question 31

how many clubs/bars are located on the 250m stretch of broad street and why is this a problem?

Answer 31

30
it causes congestion and more antisocial behaviour/ crime as there are lots of drunk people out on the streets at night. there is also an increased amount of litter

Question 32

how many shops are vacant in the high streets of urban areas?

Answer 32

1 in 3

Question 33

what ranking is dudley on the top 500 british retail centers?

Answer 33

500

Question 34

why has dudley town center declined?

Answer 34

the opening of big retail centers such as merry hill nearby and the rise of online shopping post covid