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changing places geography > unit one > Flashcards

unit one Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the primary industry?

A

the extraction of raw materials from the ground or the sea

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2
Q

give some examples of primary jobs

A

farming, fishing, forestry and farming

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3
Q

what is the secondary industry?

A

the manufacturing of goods using the raw material from primary industries

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4
Q

give some examples of secondary jobs

A

steel making, chemical industries, car manufacturing and construction

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5
Q

what is the tertiary industry?

A

an industry that does not produce anything but involves the provision of different services to people and other industries

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6
Q

give some examples of tertiary jobs

A

banking, insurance, retail, schools and hospitals

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7
Q

what is the quaternary industry?

A

the knowledge based sector, mainly found in HIC’s

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8
Q

give some examples of quaternary jobs

A

information, communication technology and research and development

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9
Q

what are the three stages of the clarke-fisher model?

A
  1. the preindustrial phase
  2. the industrial phase
  3. the post industrial phase
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10
Q

describe stage one of the clarke-fisher model (the pre-industrial stage)

A
  • the stage of most LIC’s
  • upwards of 70% of the population are in primary sector jobs which is the extraction of raw materials and agriculture
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11
Q

describe stage two of the clarke fisher model (the industrial stage)

A
  • the phase of most NEE’s such as china/mexico.
  • secondary industries are at their peak but still just below 50%
  • primary industries are declining
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12
Q

describe stage three of the clarke fisher model (the post industrial stage)

A
  • the stage of most HIC’S such as the UK
  • quaternary industries are established and important
  • secondary and primary industries decline
  • tertiary services rise
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13
Q

what is an example of a country in the pre industrial stage?

A

rowanda

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14
Q

what is an example of a country in the industrial stage?

A
  • malaysia and south korea
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15
Q

what is an example of a country that is in the post industrial stage?

A

the UK

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16
Q

what are some examples of countries that don’t fit the clarke fisher model

A

UAE (dubai) is still in the pre-industrial stage yet is a HIC
China is in the industrial stage yet is a HIC not an NEE/LIC

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17
Q

how many people were employed in Britain’s coal mines in the 1920s

A

1.2 million

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18
Q

why does the UK import coal from other countries such as Russia and Columbia?

A

it is much cheaper than to mine it locally e.g. in 2012 96% of our coal was imported

19
Q

what did maragret thatcher do in 1984?

A

announced the closure of 20 coal mines with a loss of 20,000 jobs

20
Q

other than maragret thatcher, why else did coal mines decline?

A

negative public perceptions, particularly to do with climate change and global warming
the development of cleaner renewable energy sources

21
Q

when did 20 coal mines close in the UK?

A

1984

22
Q

why did primary employment decline?

A

mechanisation

23
Q

how long would it take a farmer to plough one acre in 1914 compared to now?

A

1914 - one day using horses
2024 - <15 minutes using a tractor

24
Q

what are the positives of mechanisation?

A
  • higher yeild of crops
  • more efficient so more money is generated
25
Q

what are the negatives of mechanisation?

A
  • people have lost jobs
  • increased number of CO2 emissions
  • rise in suicide rates due to loneliness
26
Q

how many people were employed in agriculture in 1841 compared to 2011

A

1841 - one in five workers
2011 - less than one in one hundred

27
Q

why was there a decline in secondary employment?

A

deindustrialisation

28
Q

what is deindustrialisation?

A

a decline in the manufacturing industry resulting in less secondary sector employment

29
Q

why has deindustrialisation occurred in the UK?

A
  • globalisation
  • multi-national companies
  • new production technology
  • loss of competitiveness
  • lack of investment
30
Q

what is globalisation?

A

the share of materials across the world and the increasing interconnectivity and interdependence among countries and economies across the world

31
Q

what has globalisation been driven by?

A

technology and multi national companies

32
Q

what is global shift?

A

the movement of manufacturing from MEDCs to the developing world

33
Q

why do companies source manufacturing from NEE’s

A
  • lower labour costs
  • fewer employment laws
  • hard working and well educated workforces
  • cheaper land
  • government incentives such as low levels of taxation and export fees
34
Q

when did dyson move their manufacturing?

A

2000

35
Q

where did dyson move their manufacturing from and to?

A

from: malmesbury, UK to malaysia

36
Q

why did dyson move from britain to malaysia?

A

manufacturing was much cheaper in malaysia and the lower labour costs expected profits to rise to £40 million in 2003

37
Q

what is the case study for global shift?

A

dyson

38
Q

apart from global shift, what else has led to the decline in the secondary industry?

A

mechanisation and robotization.

39
Q

what issues might a factory have being located in an inner city?

A
  • more expensive land
  • clean air zones
  • congestion
40
Q

what happened to interest rates in the 1970s and 1980s?

A

they were very high - around 10% causing a lack of investment as they had to pay extortionate interest rates (e.g. 110%)

41
Q

what is the case study for the decline in the british car industry?

A

British Leyland

42
Q

how many people were employed in british leyland in 1975?

A

128, 000

43
Q

why did the British Leyland decline?

A

the workforce went on strike over working conditions. Birmingham had 500 strikes in 30 months

changing places geography (7 decks)

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