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changing places geography > unit four > Flashcards

unit four Flashcards

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1
Q

describe the quaternary sector

A

the knowledge based sector accounting for 15% of the working population. roughly generates £30 billion annually and has become increasingly significant in recent years

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2
Q

what two factors have driven the growth of the quaternary industry?

A
  • the expansion of universities and higher education
  • firms investing in larger research departments to help develop new products faster
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3
Q

how much do the british government spend annually on research and development projects?

A

£9 billion

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4
Q

what is the case study for a regional quaternary industry cluster?

A

m4 corridor

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5
Q

what is special about the m4 corridor?

A

many high tech industries have located here including information technology industries and computer based industries

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6
Q

what are the advantages of the m4 corridor?

A

the location provides good road communication and a quick route into central london for business meetings. alongside this heathrow airport is conveniently located on the m4 providing easy overseas access

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7
Q

how many jobs does the m4 corridor provide?

A

500,000 jobs

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8
Q

describe what aldermaston and harwell do

A

nuclear fusion research

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9
Q

describe what jealotts hill do

A

project safety

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10
Q

describe what porton down do

A

drug evaluation and animal breeding for behavioural science

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11
Q

describe what brunel university do

A

engineering, design and science - in the top 20 international universities

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12
Q

who established Cambridge science park

A

trinity college

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13
Q

when was cambridge science park founded?

A

1970

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14
Q

what was the first company to move into cambridge science park?

A

lazer-scan

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15
Q

how many companies were in cambridge science park in 1999 and how many people did these companies employ?

A

64 companies employing 4,000 people

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16
Q

what is an agglomeration of economies?

A

a localised economy with a large number of companies and services in close proximity to eachother benefiting from cost reductions and gains in efficiency

17
Q

what percent of cambridges jobs are in the quaternary sector? how does this compare to other areas of the UK?

A

8.2% which is significantly higher than across the UK, for example manchester has 2% employed in the quaternary sector which is 4 times lower than cambridge.

18
Q

how expensive is a house in cambridgeshire compared to the rest of england?

A

average house price in cambridgeshire is 420,000 compared to the national average of 240,000

19
Q

why are cambridge’s house prices so much higher than the national average?

A

most of the jobs in cambridge are in the quaternary sector which is extremely well paid due to the skills required to work in the sector. alongside this a lot of individuals are well educated due to cambridge university being nearby, which would lead to higher paying jobs

20
Q

what is cambridges unemployment rate?

A

2.2% which is significantly lower than the rest of the UK with a rate of 4.8%

21
Q

describe the congestion levels in cambridge

A

very poor - 13th most congested in the UK

22
Q

how many hours was someone stuck in traffic in cambridge?

A

27 hours

23
Q

why is the congestion so bad in cambridge?

A

a lot of people cannot afford the house prices so they commute to work, causing bad traffic jams

24
Q

what was cambridges population increase compared to englands population increase between 2011 and 2021?

A

cambridges was 14% and englands was 8%

25
Q

how much is astrazenica spending on a new development?

A

1 billion, and 4 billion on long term investments

26
Q

what is the survival rate of quaternary companies compared to normal companies?

A

80% compared to 58%

27
Q

who are the economic winners and loosers from cambridges economic growth?

A

winners: the highly educated population who can access the quaternary careers

loosers: those who are not qualified so will not get the pay rise and still have to deal with the raising house prices (420,000 avrg)

28
Q

who are the social winners and loosers from cambridge’s economic growth?

A

winners: those who are moving into the area and can afford the house prices as there are low unemployment rates

loosers: those who have been forced of their homes and have to deal with the overpopulation and congestion rates

29
Q

by how much did cambridges population increase between 2001 and 2011?

A

100,000 - 145,000

30
Q

how might the overheating of cambridge science park benefit other science parks?

A

companies invest and relocate to other parks such as birmingham due to the cheaper land costs leading to the positive multiplier effect

changing places geography (7 decks)

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