unit four Flashcards
describe the quaternary sector
the knowledge based sector accounting for 15% of the working population. roughly generates £30 billion annually and has become increasingly significant in recent years
what two factors have driven the growth of the quaternary industry?
- the expansion of universities and higher education
- firms investing in larger research departments to help develop new products faster
how much do the british government spend annually on research and development projects?
£9 billion
what is the case study for a regional quaternary industry cluster?
m4 corridor
what is special about the m4 corridor?
many high tech industries have located here including information technology industries and computer based industries
what are the advantages of the m4 corridor?
the location provides good road communication and a quick route into central london for business meetings. alongside this heathrow airport is conveniently located on the m4 providing easy overseas access
how many jobs does the m4 corridor provide?
500,000 jobs
describe what aldermaston and harwell do
nuclear fusion research
describe what jealotts hill do
project safety
describe what porton down do
drug evaluation and animal breeding for behavioural science
describe what brunel university do
engineering, design and science - in the top 20 international universities
who established Cambridge science park
trinity college
when was cambridge science park founded?
1970
what was the first company to move into cambridge science park?
lazer-scan
how many companies were in cambridge science park in 1999 and how many people did these companies employ?
64 companies employing 4,000 people
what is an agglomeration of economies?
a localised economy with a large number of companies and services in close proximity to eachother benefiting from cost reductions and gains in efficiency
what percent of cambridges jobs are in the quaternary sector? how does this compare to other areas of the UK?
8.2% which is significantly higher than across the UK, for example manchester has 2% employed in the quaternary sector which is 4 times lower than cambridge.
how expensive is a house in cambridgeshire compared to the rest of england?
average house price in cambridgeshire is 420,000 compared to the national average of 240,000
why are cambridge’s house prices so much higher than the national average?
most of the jobs in cambridge are in the quaternary sector which is extremely well paid due to the skills required to work in the sector. alongside this a lot of individuals are well educated due to cambridge university being nearby, which would lead to higher paying jobs
what is cambridges unemployment rate?
2.2% which is significantly lower than the rest of the UK with a rate of 4.8%
describe the congestion levels in cambridge
very poor - 13th most congested in the UK
how many hours was someone stuck in traffic in cambridge?
27 hours
why is the congestion so bad in cambridge?
a lot of people cannot afford the house prices so they commute to work, causing bad traffic jams
what was cambridges population increase compared to englands population increase between 2011 and 2021?
cambridges was 14% and englands was 8%
how much is astrazenica spending on a new development?
1 billion, and 4 billion on long term investments
what is the survival rate of quaternary companies compared to normal companies?
80% compared to 58%
who are the economic winners and loosers from cambridges economic growth?
winners: the highly educated population who can access the quaternary careers
loosers: those who are not qualified so will not get the pay rise and still have to deal with the raising house prices (420,000 avrg)
who are the social winners and loosers from cambridge’s economic growth?
winners: those who are moving into the area and can afford the house prices as there are low unemployment rates
loosers: those who have been forced of their homes and have to deal with the overpopulation and congestion rates
by how much did cambridges population increase between 2001 and 2011?
100,000 - 145,000
how might the overheating of cambridge science park benefit other science parks?
companies invest and relocate to other parks such as birmingham due to the cheaper land costs leading to the positive multiplier effect
