unit five Flashcards
what is an extreme non-rural area?
a location within 30 minutes travelling time to a large urban area
what is an extreme rural area?
a location more than 90 minutes travelling time to a large urban area
what problems will extreme non-rural areas face?
- poor air quality
- congestion
- hgh crime rates
- overpopulation
- high house prices
- pollution and rubbish build up
what problems may extreme rural areas face?
- limited services
- ageing population
- lack of jobs
what is the median age for urban vs rural areas
urban areas - 37
rural areas - 45
why is there an age difference between rural and urban areas?
the younger generation migrate to urban areas for more advanced and specialised careers, as otherwise they would have to commute due to the lack of career prospects
what are the impacts of outward migration of rural areas?
- less services due to less investments as there is a lower demand for them and so the area declines
how many village shops are closing each year in rural areas roughly?
300
what are services in rural areas having to do to survive?
they are having to become co-operative or community owned in order to have more vested interest in them - allowing them to make more profits.
how does parish size impact access to services?
the larger the parish size the more access to services as there is more demand for them
why is the lack of services in rural areas, particularly transport bad for those living there?
people who live in rural areas cannot leave if they don’t have a car or public transport as some roads are dangerous to walk on. teenagers and the elderly cannot drive so rely on public transport which is irregular, so they often are isolated and stuck in their villages
what is the case study for remote declining villages?
St Johns Chapel
what suggests st johns chapel is experiencing outward migration?
they have an extremely high percent of 60+ people living there (15% higher than the national average) and an extremely low percent of 16-24 year olds (8% lower than the national average)
what percentage of people living in St Johns chapel are in poverty?
25%
what percentage of people living in St Johns chapel do not own a car?
21%
why is it a problem that rural areas have less superfast broadband coverage?
it not only isolates them geographically but digitally, and makes it harder for them to access even more services such as banking and online work such as zoom
how many miles away is the nearest school from St Johns chapel and what happens if children miss the school bus?
the nearest school is 6 miles away and if children miss the school bus, due to the limited superfast broadband, they are forced to walk upwards of 6 miles, sometimes in the dark in winter.
what are the two main housing issues?
- second home ownership
- counter urbanisation
name a few locations where second home ownership is more than 5% of properties
- lake district
- cornwall
- devon
what effect has the demand for second homes in cornwall had on house prices?
the house prices are almost 20,000 above national average
what issues do cornwall face due to second home ownership?
- less services in off peak times e.g. winter
- increasing house prices
- leases cut short
what percent of homes in cornwall are second homes?
11.2%
why do people buy second homes in cornwall?
- beautiful natural landscape
- attractive homes
- low pollution levels
- scenic views
what impact has second home ownership had on residents who permanently live in cornwall
- taxes have been raised
- local milk delivery service had one customer
- fluctuating income for those in tertiary industries
- those who don’t permanently live there have a say in local laws
what are the positive impacts of second home ownership on those who live in cornwall permanently
- high end resturaunts getting more money from wealthy second home owners
- homes are rented out boosting the local economy
what percent of people voted to ban second home ownership in cornwall?
83%
what did the government do for the homeless in cornwall?
the government spent millions buying homes for them
what did the government do to limit second home ownership in cornwall?
- maximising taxes and banning them from purchasing new build developments
what socio-economic groups are involved in counter-urbanisation?
wealthy managers and directors who can afford to work from home and would prefer a quiet life or those able to commute to work
what is counter-urbanisation?
the social and demographic process in which people move from urban settlements into rural areas, leading to the development of suburbanised villages
why did counter-urbanisation increase in the 1980s?
- the increase in vehicle ownership
- the improvements to road systems such as motorways and dual carriages
what are some push factors from urban areas?
- high crime rates and antisocial behaviour
- poor health due to pollution
- high house and rent prices
- more congestion
- less natural beauty
what are some pull factors to rural areas?
- closer communities
- safer
- less pollution
- more natural beauty
where is counter-urbanisation occuring?
St Ives, Cambridgeshire
why is counter urbanisation occurring in St Ives, Cambridgeshire?
- short commute to london (less than 70 miles)
- beautiful natural landscape
- cheaper house prices than in london
- good transport links
by how much has the population in St Ives, Cambridgeshire increased due to counter urbanisation?
Increased by 13,000 between 1951 to present day.
how can counter urbanisation affect rural communities in a negative way?
it causes an increase in house prices e.g from 130,000 to 300,000 and traffic congestion
how can counter urbanisation affect rural communities in a positive way?
improved travel links and access to services, for example £30 million was spent on St Ives
