Unit Test Flashcards
How did the decrease in trade following the fall of Rome affect cities
Cities disappeared and trade decreased
How did Charlemagne help spread Christianity?
Through his conquests
The system of feudalism is based on….
An agreement between lords and vassals
What is something true of serfs
They were bound to the soil
What contributed to the rise of feudalism
Warfare and political disorder
What is one way to describe a knight
A professional soldier
Why did towns begin to grow around 1000
Powerful lords brought peace and stability
What is an example of a person who would likely belong to a guild
Baker
What caused the rise of feudalism in both Europe and Japan
The lack of strong central government
What medieval legacies common to both Japan and Europe still survive
Ideal of loyalty
What was one sign of the decline of feudalism
Both the European monarchies and the Catholic Church were increasing their centralized power
What did pope Gregory do to settle the conflict its Henry IV
He excommunicated Henry
A religious order is………
A group of people who follow the rules of their order
What kinds of students did cathedral schools attract?
Sons of European nobles
What event led to the first crusade?
The Seljuk Turks attacked the Byzantine empire
How did the wars of the crusades end
The wars continued until the 14th century, when the crusaders surrendered
What was the effort to drive Muslims from the Iberian peninsula called
The Reconquista
How did the bubonic plague help weaken the feudal system
European workers became scarce enough to demand higher pay for their labor
What is something true of the Hundred Years’ War
It was a series of battles, not a continuous war. New weapons introduced during the war made the armored knights easy to defeat
Who led the French to victory in the 1400s?
Joan of Arc. A peasant girl driven by religious visions. She led the French to victory at the battle of Orleans, but was captured and executed by the English for heretics and witchcraft.
The Magna Carta guaranteed the….
Right to trial by jury
The English parliament later expanded the Magna Carta to….
Declare the parliament could appoint Kings
Who founded the Ottoman Empire
Osman
What was the outcome of the ottomans conquest of Constantinople
It meant the end of the Byzantine empire.
Monastery
A place where people practice a life of prayer and service to God
Who lived in monastic orders?
Monks and nuns
Charlemagne
He conquered much of Europe and spread Christianity through his conquests
Vassal
Received land and protection from a lord in return for loyalty
Serf
A peasant farmer in d
Feudal society who labored for a noble in exchange for protection and certain rights
Manor
The estate of feudal noble, usually including a fortified building or castle
Chivalry
The code of behavior for Knights saying they need to be brave, show mercy to women and the weak, and be loyal to their lord or noble
Clergy
People given priestly authority by the church
Crusade
A series of military expeditions from Christian Europe to Palestine between the 11th and 13th centuries
Reconquista
The series of campaigns, ending in 1492, by which Christian armies drove Muslim rulers out of Spain
Parliament
A group of representatives with some powers of government (nobility, high ranking church officials,and city reps.)
Great Schism
A division in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 which occurred when the churches two centers of power, Avignon and Rome, split and elected different popes
Bubonic plague
A disease known as the Black Death that struck in the 1300s that killed nearly 1/3 of Europe.
Summarize the main ideas of John Wycliffe.
He preached that Jesus, not the pope, was the true head of the church. He believed the clergy should own no land or wealth.
How did the Hundred Years’ War change warfare in Europe
New developments in weapons made it easy to defeat Knights.
Why did the bubonic plague cause people to turn away from the church?
Because the prayers of the people would not help the plague, so they believed the church lost its power.
When were the Middle Ages?
500-1450 (took place after Rome fell)
What was the process of becoming a knight?
In their mid-teens, they serve as squires. They learn many different skills a knight will need, and they serve a knight when they are a squire. After about 5 years of service, the squire becomes a knight.
