Chapter 7

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

Philosophical movement stressing human reason

Question 2

John Locke

Answer 2

A philosopher who had the idea of natural rights, or rights that even the government couldn’t take away.

Question 3

Social Mobilty

Answer 3

America had no titles aristocracy, a large middle class, and a huge underclass of slaves. America allowed poorer people to rise to the middle class.

Question 4

Magna Carta

Answer 4

Charter of English and civil liberties. It stated that the king was not above the law. It also guaranteed the people civil liberties.

Question 5

Parliament

Answer 5

England’s chief lawmaking body.

Question 6

English Bill of Rights

Answer 6

1689–laws protecting the rights of English subjects and parliament

Question 7

Colonial Governments

Answer 7

Parliament had two houses: House of the Lords and House of the Commons. House of the Lords were non-elected nobles, judges, and clergy. House of the Commons were elected.

Question 8

French and Indian War

Answer 8

War of 1754-1763 between Britain, France, and their allies for control of North America

Question 9

Treaty of Paris

Answer 9

Treaty that ended the seven year war between France and Britain

Question 10

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 10

British declaration that forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachians

Question 11

King George 3rd

Answer 11

British monarch who reigned during the American Revolution. He passed many reforms restricting the American colonies.

Question 12

Quartering Act

Answer 12

Act requiring the colonists to quarter, or house, British soldiers and provide them with supplies

Question 13

Sugar Act

Answer 13

Law placing a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies.

Question 14

Stamp Act

Answer 14

Law requiring all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid

Question 15

Boycott

Answer 15

Refusal to buy

Question 16

Boston Massacre

Answer 16

Incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed American colonists. Five people were killed

Question 17

Townshend Act

Answer 17

Acts passed by parliament in 1767 to tax imports in the colonies

Question 18

Samuel Adams

Answer 18

Leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty

Question 19

Boston Tea Party

Answer 19

Incident in 1773, when colonists protested British policies by boarding British ships and throwing their cargoes of tea overboard

Question 20

Duties

Answer 20

Taxes paid on imported goods

Question 21

John Adams

Answer 21

Lawyer who defended British soldiers accused of murder in the Boston massacre. He also helped draft a legal petition to try king suggesting that parliament had no right to tax the colonies.

Question 22

Minutemen

Answer 22

Group of armed civilians (patriots) trained to be ready to fight “at a minute’s warning”

Question 23

Intolerable Acts

Answer 23

Series of laws, known as the Coercive Acts, meant to punish Massachusetts and clamp down on resistance. They closed the Boston port, banned town meetings, replaced elected officials with appointed ones, increased governors power, and protected British officials.

Question 24

First Continental Congress

Answer 24

Meeting of delegates from most of the colonies, called in reaction to the Intolerable Acts

Question 25

Lexington and Concord

Answer 25

The first battles of the revolutionary was where the British wanted to capture Sam Adams and John Hancock. They also wanted to destroy the American’s weapons.

Question 26

Loyalists

Answer 26

Americans who supported the British

Question 27

Patriots

Answer 27

Americans who sided with the rebels

Question 28

Tarred and Feathered

Answer 28

Liquid tar is poured or painted onto a victim while they are immobilized.

Question 29

The Midnight Ride

Answer 29

When Paul Revere passed along the message “The British are coming! The British are coming!”

Question 30

Second Continental Congress

Answer 30

Americas government during the revolutionary war

Question 31

Continental Army

Answer 31

America’s patriot army during the revolutionary war

Question 32

Thomas Paine

Answer 32

Political radical and the author of common sense. He believed that all men had the right to vote. He also ridiculed the idea that kinds were chosen by God.

Question 33

Declaration of Independance

Answer 33

Document that declared America’s independence from Britain

Question 34

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 34

Delegate from Virginia who wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Question 35

Siege of Boston

Answer 35

After Lexington and Concord, British troops retreated to Boston. While they were deciding what to do, over 15,000 militiamen surrounded them. The British were under siege.

Question 36

Bunker Hill

Answer 36

As the British with 2,200 men set fire to Charlestown. The British won, but they had casualties over 1,000 while the militia had about 400 casualties.

Question 37

George Washington

Answer 37

The commander of the Patriot army. He United the army and helped create a model of unity for the nation.

Question 38

Benedict Arnold

Answer 38

US army general in the revolutionary war who later turned traitor.

Question 39

Battles of Saratoga

Answer 39

After the Burgoyne’s slow march, his men arrived at A former army camp at Saratoga. His men were exhausted. They were surrounded by Americans, and they eventually lost the battle. It was the turning point in the was because it gave people reason to believe the Americans could win. It also showed France and Spain the Americans could win.

Question 40

Hessian Mercenaries

Answer 40

Mercenaries that came from the German region of Hesse.

Question 41

General John Burgoyne

Answer 41

Commander of the Continental army. He commanded the slow march. He was the first British General to realize that they were not fighting an army, they were fighting a people.

Question 42

Burgoyne’s Slow March

Answer 42

When Burgoyne and his army marched into enemy territory, the people had cut down trees to slow their pace. They had also burned crops and drove off cattle so they would not have a good source. It was when he realized they were not fighting an army, they were fighting a people.

Question 43

Marquires De Lafayette

Answer 43

French aristocrat who volunteered to serve in Washington’s army. He used his own money to buy warm clothes for the troops at valley forge. He also persuaded the French king to send 6,000 soldiers to America.

Question 44

Valley Forge

Answer 44

Site in southeast Pennsylvania where Washington and his army camped in the winter of 1777-1778

Question 45

Hardships at Valley Forge

Answer 45

The army lacked supplies. Most dos not even have shoes. Not enough food or warm clothing. About 1/4 of them died. Diseases like small pox and typhoid fever.

Question 46

France and Spain declare war and how it changed the war

Answer 46

France sent badly needed funds, supplies, and troops to America. Spain weakened Britain by attacking them. Their alliances forced Britain to fight multiple battles on land and sea, so they had less troops at any given place.

Question 47

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 47

American writer, publisher, scientist, inventor, and diplomat.

Question 48

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 48

Final battle of the war, in which French and American forces led by George Washington defeated British General Cornwallis

Question 49

Lord Cornwallis

Answer 49

British General whose campaigns in the south led to his defeat at Yorktown

Question 50

The war in the South

Answer 50

The British captured most of Georgia. They also had the worst American defeat of the war. The British had expected all the slaves in the south to join them because they promised to set them free. Although thousands joined the army, not all were set free.

Question 51

Guerrilla War

Answer 51

Small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks

Question 52

Reasons the British lost

Answer 52

Soldiers only fought for pay. They were unprepared. Generals were uncoordinated and disunited. No allies. Orders could take months to reach them.

Question 53

Reasons the Americans Won

Answer 53

Fought for their lives, and ideals. Civilians actively supported the cause. Smart generals. France and Spain provided tropos, and weakened Britain. Americans knew the land. 250,000 troops

Question 54

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Answer 54

The 1783 treaty that ended the revolutionary war. It stated that the US was independent, each side would repay debts, and the British would return any enslaved people they had captured.

Question 55

Debts and Losses

Answer 55

Many soldiers after the war had no money due to little or no pay. Some were given certificates to land in the west, but many sold it to pay for food and other basic needs.

Question 56

Native American Lands

Answer 56

The native Americans lived off their lands before the Americans. They respected the land and the animals.

Question 57

Native American Lands after the Americans Won

Answer 57

Most of the native American’s land was taken by colonists after they won. There were reservations for them though.

Question 58

Freedom and Slavery227

Answer 58

Vermont outlawed slavery. Pennsylvania gradually freed slaves. Some slaves even sued for freedom.

Question 59

Battle of Trenton

Answer 59

The Americans attacked the day after Christmas. They arrived to a camp of sleeping men. They captured or killed more than 900 Hessians and gained needed supplies.