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History of the Central > Semester Test > Flashcards

Semester Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What methods did the Umayyads use to govern their empire?

A

A bureaucracy

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2
Q

What happened to the last of the Umayyad leaders?

A

Only one Umayyad leaders escaped death and fled to Spain

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3
Q

How did the Abbasids hold on to power?

A

With a huge standing army

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4
Q

Why did some Abbasids support arts and learning?

A

They wanted to display their wealth

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5
Q

How did Omar Khayyam contribute to Muslim civilization?

A

He was a poet and mathematician

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6
Q

What role did the Seljuk Turks play in the decline of the Abbasids?

A

They captured Baghdad and became rulers of the empire

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7
Q

What potential invaders threatened the rule of Abd al-Rahman III in al-Andalus?

A

Muslim and Christian armies

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8
Q

What was one important element that made Córdoba a major cultural center?

A

Libraries

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9
Q

What contributions did al-Zahrawi make to the golden age in al-Andalus?

A

He wrote a medical encyclopedia

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10
Q

Where is Córdoba located?

A

On the Iberian peninsula

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11
Q

Why was the Mediterranean Sea important to the Muslim empire?

A

It provided a sea route between the western and eastern parts of the empire

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12
Q

When did the Umayyads take power?

A

661

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13
Q

When did Abd al-Malik become Caliph?

A

685

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14
Q

When did Umayyad rule end?

A

750

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15
Q

When did Muslim science and medicine flourish?

A

1000s

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16
Q

When did the Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad?

A

1055

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17
Q

What did most western Africans feel the strongest loyalty to?

A

Their family and village

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18
Q

In west African villages, what did most people’s lives center on?

A

Farming

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19
Q

What were some outcomes of trade for west Africa?

A

West African societies became governed by kings, cities became centers of trade, religion, and education.

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20
Q

How did griots pass on history and values?

A

By telling stories and singing songs

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21
Q

What are the three vegetation zones of west Africa?

A

Desert, grasslands, forests

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22
Q

How did the king of Ghana become wealthy?

A

By taxing trade

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23
Q

What could happen to kings of Ghana if they rejected traditional religion?

A

Lose throne

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24
Q

Who developed Timbuktu as a center of trade?

A

Sundiata

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25
Q

What did Mansa Musa bring back to Mali from his pilgrimage?

A

Architect and scholars

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26
Q

What did Muslim leaders of Timbuktu ask Sunni Ali to do?

A

To drive the Berbers out of Timbuktu

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27
Q

In what directions from the capital in Damascus did the Umayyads expand their empire?

A

East and west

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28
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a sacred place or shrine

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29
Q

Muslim

A

A person who follows the religion of Islam, accepting Allah as the only God

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30
Q

Caravan

A

A group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North America.

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31
Q

Oasis

A

A fertile area in the midst of a desert

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32
Q

Marco Polo

A

A Venetian trader who traveled the silk roads and arrived in China around 1275. He became an aide to Kublai Khan and later published a popular book about his adventures.

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33
Q

Serf

A

A peasant farmer in feudal society, who labored for a noble in exchange for protection and certain rights

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34
Q

Knights

A

A highly trained mounted warrior in the service of a noble during e European Middle Ages

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35
Q

Lords

A

A powerful landholding noble

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36
Q

Nobles

A

The second highest ranking position, below the king in feudal societies.

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37
Q

Guilds

A

An association of people sharing a trade or craft, intended to control the quality and quantity of their production and to protect their interests.

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38
Q

Dark ages/Middle ages

A

The period of European history between the collapse of Rome and the Renaissance, lasting roughly from 500 to 1450.

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39
Q

Vassals

A

In feudal society, a person who received land and protection from a lord in return for loyalty.

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40
Q

Continents

A

Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.

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41
Q

Principle trade good of African kingdoms

A

Farming

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42
Q

Purpose of trade routes and where they went

A

Trade routes make it easier to trade because they are kind of more domesticated, also trade is important because the traders learned culture from the regions that they traveled. They linked Asia Africa and Europe

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43
Q

Describe physical and mental attributes of samurai

A

Samurai have to be very skilled in fighting, and be very fit. As for the mental, they have to practice Shintoism and Zen Buddhism, as well as follow the code of Bushido.

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44
Q

Weaponry and attire of a samurai

A

Samurai wear armor, and fight with long swords.

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45
Q

Timeline of the Chinese dynasties

A

T

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46
Q

The importance of trade between Asia and Europe

A

Trading goods and trading culture. They had different religions, so they influenced each other.

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47
Q

Busido

A

The code of conduct of samurai warriors, which required that they be generous, brave, and loyal.

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48
Q

Black Death

A

A disease that struck western Eurasia in the mid-1300s

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49
Q

Know what feudalism is and how it granted power and maintained order

A

Feudalism is an agreement between lords and vassals. It holds power by making sure everyone has a place, and tricking the servants to think they are doing good.

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50
Q

Oceans relevant to unit studies

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, southern, arctic.

51
Q

Locate countries relevant to unit studies

A

T

52
Q

Islam’s country of origin

A

Arabian peninsula

53
Q

Name of followers of Islam

A

Muslim

54
Q

Impact of the crusades on the economy of Europe

A

The crusades had a lasting effect on the economy of Europe. The first crusade, the only successful one, lifted the morales of the people, and lifted the economy. The rest of the crusades were all failures, so they lowered the morales of the people, and also put economic stress on the empire.

55
Q

Magna Carta

A

A list of rights written by England’s nobility and signed by King John in 1215. It stated (at first) that anyone had the right to trial by jury. Later, it was extended to say that you couldn’t be imprisoned unlawfully.

56
Q

Purpose of forming guilds

A

To control the quality and quantity of their production.

57
Q

Purpose, location, and outcomes of the crusades

A

To take back the holy lands, from Christian lands to Palestine only the first crusade was successful.

58
Q

What greatly helped the development of feudalism?

A

An abundance of good farmlands on Europe

59
Q

Who was an early Frankish leader who helped spread Christianity?

A

Clovis

60
Q

What was the reason that a weak and unstable Europe led to feudalism?

A

Kings and lords needed to protect their lands against invaders.

61
Q

Why was farming the economic basis of the feudal system?

A

Farming produced enough food to make manors self sufficient.

62
Q

Why were knights willing to fight on behalf of lords?

A

They were given land in return for their service.

63
Q

What did greater peace and stability cause in Europe?

A

The growth of towns

64
Q

Guilds were popular because….

A

They helped their members find work

65
Q

What brought about feudalism in boy Japan and Europe?

A

A weak central government

66
Q

In the lives of knights and samurai, religion………

A

Was important

67
Q

What is a medieval legacy of Japan and Europe?

A

The ideal of loyalty

68
Q

What did pope Gregory do to solve the conflict with Henry IV?

A

He excommunicated Henry

69
Q

What kind of students did cathedral schools attract?

A

Sons of European nobles

70
Q

What role did the Seljuk Turks play in beginning the crusades?

A

They attacked the Byzantine empire.

71
Q

How did the wars of the crusades end?

A

After nearly 200 years, the Muslims drove the crusaders out of Palestine.

72
Q

Why was the bubonic plague known as the Black Death?

A

Victims developed dark or black spots on their skin.

73
Q

What was the advantage of longbow and gunpowder weapons?

A

They could defeat Knights in armor.

74
Q

What was one disadvantage of English common law?

A

Decisions in one part of England might be different from those in another part.

75
Q

The English parliament later expanded the Magna Carta for what purpose?

A

To claim the Magna Carta meant parliament must approve the king’s request for taxes

76
Q

What was the role of the grand vizier in the Ottoman Empire?

A

To act as the sultan’s main advisor

77
Q

What was the outcome of the ottoman conquest of Constantinople?

A

It meant the end of the Byzantine empire

78
Q

Which of the five themes of geography would help to understand the growth of Buddhism in China?

A

Movement

79
Q

What was done in an effort to reunify China after the fall of the Han dynasty.

A

Restoration of old traditions

80
Q

Why was the tang bureaucracy created?

A

To govern the enormous empire

81
Q

Why did scholar-officials mostly come from upper classes?

A

Only rich people could afford the necessary education

82
Q

What were some inventions of the tang and song dynasties?

A

Compass
Gunpowder
Paper

83
Q

When did admiral Zheng He’s voyages take place?

A

Before Columbus’s voyages

84
Q

Why was being nomadic an advantage to the Mongols?

A

They could attack and move quickly without also having to defend their own settlement

85
Q

What did Kublai Khan do to have a successful government?

A

He kept many Chinese traditions but put Mongols in high positions

86
Q

Why did yo glee build a fleet of ships?

A

He wanted to extend Chinese influence

87
Q

The Ming dynasty collapsed because of……..

A

weak rulers, high taxes, and poor harvests

88
Q

Why did Chinese culture have such a strong impact on Japanese culture?

A

Japan is located close to China and Chinese culture was highly developed

89
Q

What was the emperor’s role in early Japan?

A

A representative of the nation with divine qualities

90
Q

What might interest geographers the most about Buddhism?

A

The way in which it moved from India to Japan

91
Q

What ritual is key to Zen Buddhism?

A

Meditation

92
Q

How is Japanese writing different from English writing?

A

Japanese writing includes both characters and letters

93
Q

What weakened Japan’s central government during the 1100s?

A

The daimyo paid no taxes and had their own private armies.

94
Q

Who was pledged to show generosity to the poor in Japanese feudal society?

A

Samurai

95
Q

What was required to unify Japan?

A

Military strength and technology, and political wisdom

96
Q

What characterized Korea before the Silla Kingdom unified it?

A

War

97
Q

Which country had the strongest cultural influence on the Khmers?

A

India

98
Q

What was the roughly 1000 year period after the fall of Rome?

A

The Middle Ages

99
Q

Who were people who lived and worked on land owned by others?

A

Serfs

100
Q

After the king, the most powerful position in society was held by who?

A

Nobles

101
Q

Who received pieces of land called fiefs?

A

Vassals

102
Q

Who was the European ruler who built an empire greater than any since Rome?

A

Charlemagne

103
Q

What was the political system that emerged during the Middle Ages called?

A

Feudalism

104
Q

Where did monks live?

A

Monasteries

105
Q

What describes a manor?

A

The main part of a nobles land

106
Q

What was the Knights code of honor called?

A

Chivalry

107
Q

Where was the most likely place a serf would have been found?

A

On a manor

108
Q

What did Knights often do on behalf of lords?

A

Fight

109
Q

What is an epic poem?

A

A poem about warriors or heroes?

110
Q

What was a short poem often about nature that was popular in feudal Japan?

A

A haiku

111
Q

Bushido

A

A code of behavior

112
Q

How did Charlemagne help spread Christianity?

A

Through his conquests

113
Q

What is feudalism based on?

A

An agreement between lords and vassals

114
Q

What correctly describes a knight?

A

A professional soldier

115
Q

Why did towns begin to grow around 1000?

A

Powerful lords brought peace and stability

116
Q

What caused the rise of feudalism in both Japan and Europe?

A

The lack of a strong central government

117
Q

What was one sign of the decline of feudalism?

A

Both the European monarchies and the Catholic Church wee increasing their centralized power?

118
Q

What is a religious order?

A

A group of people given priestly authority by the church

119
Q

What event led to the first crusade?

A

The Seljuk Turks attacked the Byzantine empire

120
Q

What was the effort to drive the Muslims out of the Iberian peninsula called?

A

The reconquista

121
Q

How did the bubonic plague weaken the feudal system?

A

Workers became scarce enough to demand higher pay for their labor.

122
Q

Who led the French to victory in the 1400s?

A

Joan of Arc

123
Q

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

A

Osman

History of the Central (11 decks)

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