Semester Test Flashcards
What methods did the Umayyads use to govern their empire?
A bureaucracy
What happened to the last of the Umayyad leaders?
Only one Umayyad leaders escaped death and fled to Spain
How did the Abbasids hold on to power?
With a huge standing army
Why did some Abbasids support arts and learning?
They wanted to display their wealth
How did Omar Khayyam contribute to Muslim civilization?
He was a poet and mathematician
What role did the Seljuk Turks play in the decline of the Abbasids?
They captured Baghdad and became rulers of the empire
What potential invaders threatened the rule of Abd al-Rahman III in al-Andalus?
Muslim and Christian armies
What was one important element that made Córdoba a major cultural center?
Libraries
What contributions did al-Zahrawi make to the golden age in al-Andalus?
He wrote a medical encyclopedia
Where is Córdoba located?
On the Iberian peninsula
Why was the Mediterranean Sea important to the Muslim empire?
It provided a sea route between the western and eastern parts of the empire
When did the Umayyads take power?
661
When did Abd al-Malik become Caliph?
685
When did Umayyad rule end?
750
When did Muslim science and medicine flourish?
1000s
When did the Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad?
1055
What did most western Africans feel the strongest loyalty to?
Their family and village
In west African villages, what did most people’s lives center on?
Farming
What were some outcomes of trade for west Africa?
West African societies became governed by kings, cities became centers of trade, religion, and education.
How did griots pass on history and values?
By telling stories and singing songs
What are the three vegetation zones of west Africa?
Desert, grasslands, forests
How did the king of Ghana become wealthy?
By taxing trade
What could happen to kings of Ghana if they rejected traditional religion?
Lose throne
Who developed Timbuktu as a center of trade?
Sundiata
What did Mansa Musa bring back to Mali from his pilgrimage?
Architect and scholars
What did Muslim leaders of Timbuktu ask Sunni Ali to do?
To drive the Berbers out of Timbuktu
In what directions from the capital in Damascus did the Umayyads expand their empire?
East and west
Pilgrimage
A journey to a sacred place or shrine
Muslim
A person who follows the religion of Islam, accepting Allah as the only God
Caravan
A group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North America.
Oasis
A fertile area in the midst of a desert
Marco Polo
A Venetian trader who traveled the silk roads and arrived in China around 1275. He became an aide to Kublai Khan and later published a popular book about his adventures.
Serf
A peasant farmer in feudal society, who labored for a noble in exchange for protection and certain rights
Knights
A highly trained mounted warrior in the service of a noble during e European Middle Ages
Lords
A powerful landholding noble
Nobles
The second highest ranking position, below the king in feudal societies.
Guilds
An association of people sharing a trade or craft, intended to control the quality and quantity of their production and to protect their interests.
Dark ages/Middle ages
The period of European history between the collapse of Rome and the Renaissance, lasting roughly from 500 to 1450.
Vassals
In feudal society, a person who received land and protection from a lord in return for loyalty.
Continents
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
Principle trade good of African kingdoms
Farming
Purpose of trade routes and where they went
Trade routes make it easier to trade because they are kind of more domesticated, also trade is important because the traders learned culture from the regions that they traveled. They linked Asia Africa and Europe
Describe physical and mental attributes of samurai
Samurai have to be very skilled in fighting, and be very fit. As for the mental, they have to practice Shintoism and Zen Buddhism, as well as follow the code of Bushido.
Weaponry and attire of a samurai
Samurai wear armor, and fight with long swords.
Timeline of the Chinese dynasties
T
The importance of trade between Asia and Europe
Trading goods and trading culture. They had different religions, so they influenced each other.
Busido
The code of conduct of samurai warriors, which required that they be generous, brave, and loyal.
Black Death
A disease that struck western Eurasia in the mid-1300s
Know what feudalism is and how it granted power and maintained order
Feudalism is an agreement between lords and vassals. It holds power by making sure everyone has a place, and tricking the servants to think they are doing good.
