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Biology Unit 1 > Unit Test 2 > Flashcards

Unit Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Production of ATP through cellular respiration - allows cell to constantly have energy to function

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2
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis - where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

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3
Q

Function of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transport of substances within a cell through a system of channels

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4
Q

Function of Golgi body

A

Package material into membrane-bound bags or vesicles for export

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5
Q

Function of Lysosomes

A

Digest enzymes - are the principle site for digestion of large molecules and unwanted structures within a cell

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6
Q

Function of Peroxisomes

A
  • Oxidation of fatty acids
  • Breakdown of fatty acids
    (Functions carried out for cellular metabolism)
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7
Q

Function of Chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll which allow photosynthesis to occur

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8
Q

Function of Flagella

A

Allow movement to occur (whip-like organelle)

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9
Q

Function of Plasma membrane

A

Structural boundary that controls the entry of raw materials into the cell (Eg. Amino acids)

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10
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

When transport/carrier proteins transport large/un soluble substances across the membrane - NO ENERGY

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11
Q

Passive transport

A

Transports molecules across plasma membrane and down concentration gradient to reach equilibrium - NO ENERGY

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12
Q

Active transport

A

Transport of molecules into/out of cells via transport molecules in the plasma membrane - ENERGY USED

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13
Q

Isotonic

A

When the concentration of solute of molecules of the cell are equal inside and out outside of the cell - FLACCID

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14
Q

Hypertonic

A

When concentration of solute molecules outside of the cell is higher than in the cytosol - PLASMOLYZED

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15
Q

Hypotonic

A

When concentration of solute molecules outside of the cell is lower than inside the cytosol - TURGID

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16
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolving agent of a solution; often water

What breaks solute down

17
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in a solution - salt, sugar etc.

(What is broken down by solvent)

18
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous liquid mixture of 2 or more substances

Solvent + solute = solution

19
Q

Word equation for cellular respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

20
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

light
Carbon dioxide + water ————> sugars + oxygen
chlorophyll

21
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

Process by which autotrophs transform sunlight energy into chemical energy of sugars, such as glucose

22
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

Process of converting chemical energy into a form usable by cells, typically ATP

23
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organism that ingests or absorbs food in the form of organic material from their environment - consumer

24
Q

Autotroph

A

Organisms that, given a source of energy, can produce their own food from simple inorganic substances - producers

25
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats plants and animals

26
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats plants

27
Q

Carnivore

A

Kills and eat other animals

28
Q

What are the requirements for life?

A
  • Energy source
  • Chemical building blocks
  • Liquid water
  • Stable environment
29
Q

Peristalsis

A

Process by which the bolts is pushed down the oseophagus - through muscular contractions

30
Q

What is gastric juice made up of?

A
  • Mucus
  • Enzymes
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Water
31
Q

What do villi do?

A

Villi are finger-like projections which line the wall of the small intestine. They allow nutrients to easily diffuse into the bloodstream/capillaries as they have a high SA:V ratio.

32
Q

What is assimilation? Explain

A

Combination of two processes to supply animal cells with nutrients:

  1. Absorbing chemicals from food within the gastrointestinal tract
  2. Chemical alteration of substances in the bloodstream via the liver
33
Q

Integral proteins

A

Fundamental components of the plasma membrane that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer - glycoproteins are attached to them

34
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Are either anchored to the exterior of the plasma membrane through bonding with lipids or are indirectly associated with the plasma membrane through interactions with integral proteins in the membrane

35
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Combination formed when a carbohydrate group becomes attached to the exposed part of an integral protein

36
Q

Function of nucleus

A
  • Control of DNA replication (during cell division)
  • Repair of genetic material
  • Initiation of gene expression
  • Control of metabolic activities of a cell

Biology Unit 1 (7 decks)

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