Unit Test 2

Question 1

Function of mitochondria

Answer 1

Production of ATP through cellular respiration - allows cell to constantly have energy to function

Question 2

Function of ribosomes

Answer 2

Site of protein synthesis - where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

Question 3

Function of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Transport of substances within a cell through a system of channels

Question 4

Function of Golgi body

Answer 4

Package material into membrane-bound bags or vesicles for export

Question 5

Function of Lysosomes

Answer 5

Digest enzymes - are the principle site for digestion of large molecules and unwanted structures within a cell

Question 6

Function of Peroxisomes

Answer 6

• Oxidation of fatty acids
• Breakdown of fatty acids
  (Functions carried out for cellular metabolism)

Question 7

Function of Chloroplasts

Answer 7

Contain chlorophyll which allow photosynthesis to occur

Question 8

Function of Flagella

Answer 8

Allow movement to occur (whip-like organelle)

Question 9

Function of Plasma membrane

Answer 9

Structural boundary that controls the entry of raw materials into the cell (Eg. Amino acids)

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

When transport/carrier proteins transport large/un soluble substances across the membrane - NO ENERGY

Question 11

Passive transport

Answer 11

Transports molecules across plasma membrane and down concentration gradient to reach equilibrium - NO ENERGY

Question 12

Active transport

Answer 12

Transport of molecules into/out of cells via transport molecules in the plasma membrane - ENERGY USED

Question 13

Isotonic

Answer 13

When the concentration of solute of molecules of the cell are equal inside and out outside of the cell - FLACCID

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

When concentration of solute molecules outside of the cell is higher than in the cytosol - PLASMOLYZED

Question 15

Hypotonic

Answer 15

When concentration of solute molecules outside of the cell is lower than inside the cytosol - TURGID

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

Dissolving agent of a solution; often water

What breaks solute down

Question 17

Solute

Answer 17

A substance that is dissolved in a solution - salt, sugar etc.

(What is broken down by solvent)

Question 18

Solution

Answer 18

A homogenous liquid mixture of 2 or more substances

Solvent + solute = solution

Question 19

Word equation for cellular respiration

Answer 19

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 20

Word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 20

light
Carbon dioxide + water ————> sugars + oxygen
chlorophyll

Question 21

Define photosynthesis

Answer 21

Process by which autotrophs transform sunlight energy into chemical energy of sugars, such as glucose

Question 22

Define cellular respiration

Answer 22

Process of converting chemical energy into a form usable by cells, typically ATP

Question 23

Heterotroph

Answer 23

Organism that ingests or absorbs food in the form of organic material from their environment - consumer

Question 24

Autotroph

Answer 24

Organisms that, given a source of energy, can produce their own food from simple inorganic substances - producers

Question 25

Omnivore

Answer 25

Eats plants and animals

Question 26

Herbivore

Answer 26

Eats plants

Question 27

Carnivore

Answer 27

Kills and eat other animals

Question 28

What are the requirements for life?

Answer 28

- Energy source - Chemical building blocks - Liquid water - Stable environment

Question 29

Peristalsis

Answer 29

Process by which the bolts is pushed down the oseophagus - through muscular contractions

Question 30

What is gastric juice made up of?

Answer 30

- Mucus - Enzymes - Hydrochloric acid - Water

Question 31

What do villi do?

Answer 31

Villi are finger-like projections which line the wall of the small intestine. They allow nutrients to easily diffuse into the bloodstream/capillaries as they have a high SA:V ratio.

Question 32

What is assimilation? Explain

Answer 32

Combination of two processes to supply animal cells with nutrients: 1. Absorbing chemicals from food within the gastrointestinal tract 2. Chemical alteration of substances in the bloodstream via the liver

Question 33

Integral proteins

Answer 33

Fundamental components of the plasma membrane that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer - glycoproteins are attached to them

Question 34

Peripheral proteins

Answer 34

Are either anchored to the exterior of the plasma membrane through bonding with lipids or are indirectly associated with the plasma membrane through interactions with integral proteins in the membrane

Question 35

Glycoproteins

Answer 35

Combination formed when a carbohydrate group becomes attached to the exposed part of an integral protein

Question 36

Function of nucleus

Answer 36

- Control of DNA replication (during cell division) - Repair of genetic material - Initiation of gene expression - Control of metabolic activities of a cell