Unit Test #1 Flashcards
what was a primary goal of the Council of Jerusalem?
to discuss how to welcome Gentile converts into the Church and determine whether they must follow Jewish Law
what does the “Great Commission” refer to?
when Jesus sent his Apostles out to “make disciples of all nations” (Matthew 28:19)
as an example of Peter’s early leadership in the Church…
- he was the 1st to give witness to Christ in a speech at Pentecost
- he listened to everyone’s views at the Council of Jerusalem & then considered the best way to proceed, with the help of the Holy Spirit
- he advised choosing a replacement for Judas, & the Apostles took his advice
who are considered to be the successors to the Apostles?
bishops
Jesus and his followers were…
Jewish
where did Peter & Paul die?
Rome
to whom did Jesus give the keys to the Kingdom?
- Simon
- Peter
- Cephas
- *all the same person**
Saul consented to the execution of whom?
Stephen
what was the main topic of Jesus’ preaching?
Kingdom of God
a synonym to elder in the Acts of the Apostles & an alternative word for priest today
Presbyter
the uninterrupted passing on of apostolic preaching & authority from the Apostles directly to all bishops. It is accomplished through the laying on of hands when a bishop is ordained in the Sacrament of Holy Orders as instituted by Christ. The office of bishop is permanent, bc at ordination a bishop is marked w/ an indelible, sacred character.
Apostolic Succession
another name for the Bishop of Rome
Pope
the name of the Jewish harvest feast on which the Holy Spirit came to the Apostles
Pentecost
a major issue for Gentiles who wanted to be Christians but not become Jewish 1st
circumcision
in general, what was Jesus suggesting to his listeners when he counseled them to turn the other cheek, to give over their cloak & tunic, and to walk the extra mile?
Jesus was suggesting nonviolent resistance to Roman oppression. When one turns the other cheek, gives up their cloak, or walks the extra mile, they turn the situation around & subtly stand up for themselves. Jesus was enacting the Kingdom over the Romans in particular.
what does “Christian” mean? Where did it come from?
“Christian” means “men of Christ” & it came from Antioch
what does “catholic” mean?
“universal”
what did the early Christians read in their worship assemblies?
the Jewish scripture (which we know today as the OT)
what are some characteristics of early Christian apologetic texts?
- they defended Christian beliefs & the Christians’ way of life
- they explained to pagans why Christianity is reasonable, creditable, & respectable
- they exposed errors of heresies & contrasted them w/ the teaching of the Apostles & Sacred Scripture
what are the 3 levels of Catholic clergy?
Bishop, priest, & deacon
Christianity became legal when…
Constantine issued the Edict of Milan
Jesus & his followers were…
Jewish
what are the 2 sources of Divine Revelation?
Sacred Tradition & Sacred Scripture
what is the Paschal Mystery?
the Life, Death, & Resurrection of Jesus Christ
what are the 3 stages of Gospel development?
- the life of Jesus
- oral tradition
- written Gospels
who won the Battle at the Milvian Bridge & became Roman emperor?
Constantine
which apologist wrote: “We ourselves were well conversant w/ war, murder, & everything evil, but all of us throughout the whole wide earth have traded in our weapons of war. We have exchanged our swords for ploughshares, our spears for farm tools. Now we cultivate the fear of God, justice, kindness to men, faith, & the expectation of the future given to us by the Father himself through the Crucified One.”
Justin Martyr
the number of books in the Catholic OT
73 books
burnt down a portion of Rome, blamed the Christians, & then burnt then as mood lighting for his parties
Nero
Edict of Milan
Constantine’s law granting toleration to Christianity
the # of books in the Protestant NT
66 books
what does Ekklesia mean?
the assembly or Church
what were the criteria for ancient writings to make it into the biblical canon?
- must be attributed to a follower of Jesus during his human life or St. Paul
- content must agree w/ other examples of developing Christian Scripture
- must be commonly used in Liturgical worship
- Church leaders must be in consensus that writing was divinely inspired
what issues were addressed by the apologists?
- sacrilege & treason
- Incarnation
- Christian rituals
- social structure
what are the 2 main parts of the Catholic Mass?
- Liturgy of the Word
2. Liturgy of the Eurcharist
what is Pentecost & when does it occur?
the Birthday of the Church
50 days after Passover
what does Kerygma literally mean?
“the preaching of the apostles”
what is the Kerygma? (the parts that make it up)
- promise of scripture fulfilled in Jesus
- summation of Jesus’ ministry
- recounting Jesus’ Crucifixion
- proclaiming Resurrection
- invitation to repent & be baptized
what is the project of the Church?
- to continue the ministry of Jesus
- advance the Kingdom of God
- bring all to salvation
what does Lumen Gentium mean?
A Light to the Nations
describe the Historical Jesus
- man who was born in 1st century Palestine
- became prophet of Kingdom of God
- killed by Rome for his message
- can be studied like one would learn about George Washington or Julius Caesar
- Pre-Easter Jesus
describe the Christ of Faith
- understanding of Jesus in light of the experience of the Resurrection
- Post-Easter Jesus
what is the Kingdom NOT?
not just heaven after we die
what did Jesus desire to do?
enact the reign of God in this world
where did Jesus lay out his plan for the Jews to gain their freedom?
Sermon on the Mount
what did Jesus want to the Kingdom of God to do?
overcome the Roman occupation of Palestine/Israel
what was the purpose of the left hand?
for unclean tasks
after Pentecost, how did the Jesus community enact the Kingdom that Jesus preached?
- both in preaching & in communal life
- Teaching of the Apostles
- Communal life (no needy person among them)
- “Breaking bread”
where and when and to whom was Paul born?
Paul was born before the year 10 AD to a Jewish family from Tarsus, in Cilicia (now Eastern Turkey)
what was special about Paul?
he was born both a Jew & a Roman citizen
where was Paul educated?
Jerusalem, at the feet of Gamaliel
what does Jerusalem mean?
city of peace
where was Saul headed when he was converted?
Damascus
in what year was Saul converted?
approx. 33-35 CE
how did Paul view his conversion?
NOT as a change in religion, he had discovered his true & proper place in the life of Israel
where was Paul granted permission to preach the Word of God?
the Council of Jerusalem
what did the Council of Jerusalem decide regarding Gentile converts to Christianity?
that they did not have to become Jewish but had to follow a few Jewish laws (not including circumcision)
did Jesus seek a separate religion from Judaism?
no
what is the Faith we have today rooted in?
both Judaism & Greek philosophy
when is the separation from Judaism & how did it come about?
- came about over time but last straw was when Christians accepted non-Jews into community
- 70 CE - Rome destroys the Temple
- 90 CE - Pharisees meet in Jamnia & expel Christians from synagogue once & for all
- this is where they decided Jesus is not the Messiah & anyone who worships him is not a Jew
when did term “Christian” arise?
as early as 40 CE
where did the Church begin & become centered around?
Jerusalem
Greek term for bishop?
Episcopos
Greek term for priest?
Presbyter
what does episcopos (bishop) mean?
“overseer” or “boss” outside of the church
Bishop of Rome became known as what?
Pope (“papa”)
what is the role of the bishop?
- link between local church (diocese) & Universal Church
- chief teacher & preacher of the Faith, responsible for spiritual welfare of those under his care
- overseeing other ministers of Church who are under his authority
what is simplified roles of bishop?
preach, teach, & sanctify
what are the roles of the priest?
- assist bishop
- represent bishop in his absense
- preach & teach the Faith
- lead celebration of sacraments (except Holy Orders)
