Church History - Test #1 Flashcards
what is the bday of the Church?
Pentecost
history of Church is nearly 2000 yrs. of what?
Christ changing live - both now & for eternity
when is Pentecost?
50 days after Passover
who is a perfect example of transformation in Christ?
Peter (ex. he’s often clueless in Gospels but through the empowerment of the Holy Spirit he is a steadfast leader)
what is the Kerygma? (short answer)
“the preaching of the apostles”
what is the Kerygma? (long answer)
- promise of scripture is fulfilled in Jesus
- summation of Jesus’ ministry
- recounting Jesus’ Crucifixion
- proclaiming Resurrection
- invitation to repent & be baptized
what is the project of the Church?
to continue the ministry of Jesus, advance the Kingdom of God, & to bring all to salvation
what is Lumen Gentium?
A Light to the Nations
what is the Church?
the people of God (not a building, institution, or club)
who is the Historical Jesus?
- the man who was born in 1st century Palestine
- became prophet of Kingdom of God
- killed by Rome for His message
- can be studied like you would learn about George Washington or Julius Caesar
- Pre-Easter Jesus
who is the Christ of Faith?
- the understanding of Jesus in light of the experience of the Resurrection
- Post-Easter Jesus
what is the Kingdom of Heaven not?
Kingdom is not just heaven after we die
what did Jesus desire to do?
to enact the reign of God in this world
what did Jesus center his/our prayer around?
the Kingdom of God
what did Jesus believe in so much that he died for it?
the Kingdom of God
“define” the Kingdom
- where the “little ones” (all those who were “not blessed”) are blessed
- to give w/out expecting a return (feed hungry, clothe naked, visit sick, etc.)
- resist evil w/ nonviolence
- love. love. love.
how did Jesus want to enact the Kingdom?
Jesus wanted the Kingdom of God to overcome the Roman occupation of Palestine/Israel
where did Jesus lay out his plan for the Jews to gain their freedom?
in the Sermon on the Mount
what 3 things did Jesus say to do to start a nonviolent resistance?
- turn the other cheek
- give away your cloak
- walk the extra mile
what was the purpose of the left hand in Jesus’ day?
one purpose - unclean talks (replaced toilet paper)
what cheek did you hit someone on if they were of equal social status?
left cheek only
what does hitting the right cheek require?
a backhand slap
generally, who were the ones who received a back hand slap?
slaves, wives, children, Jews (those not of equal social status - inferiors in the Roman world)
what does turning the other cheek do?
the victim refuses to live in fear & subjugation
&
attacker is one humiliated (appropriately)
what is a tunic?
regular clothes
what is a cloak?
undergarmet
in Jesus’ time, what was the view about nakedness?
the naked one was not shamed, but the ones who viewed nakedness
in 1st century Palestine, what was the tunic used as?
a collateral for a debt in a public court
what happened when someone would give away their cloak in addition to their tunic?
Jesus’ followers set themselves free from their economic oppressors - they turned the humiliation around & made the others in the room embarrassed to look upon their nakedness
what was one thing Roman soldiers could force any non-citizen to do?
carry their baggage for one mile
what would happen if anyone carried a Roman bag for more than one mile?
it was punishable upon the soldier by Roman law
what did Jesus’ followers do by voluntarily walking an extra mile?
they couple loving service of others w/ nonviolent resistance to the occupiers (they put soldiers at risk of being caught & punished so therefore turned the situation around)
what would happen to the problem of temporary slavery bc of the extra mile?
it would cease after a few soldiers face the consequences of pressing the Jews into service for 2 miles
when was the Apostolic period?
around 30-70 CE (common era)
after Pentecost, how did the Jesus community begin to enact the Kingdom that Jesus preached?
both in preaching & in communal life
- no needy person among them (they eliminated poverty)
- “Breaking bread”
when was Paul born?
before the year 10 AD
who was Paul born to?
a Jewish family
where was Paul from?
Tarsus, in Cilicia (now Eastern Turkey)
what was special about Paul?
he was both a Jew & a Roman citizen
where was Paul educated?
in Jerusalem - at the feet of Gamaliel he was educated in ancestral law & was zealous for God
what does Jerusalem mean?
city of peace
what did Saul do to early Christians?
he persecuted them
was Saul present at martyrdom of Stephen?
yes
what was special about Stephen’s martyrdom?
he was the 1st Christian martyred
when was Saul converted to Paul?
approx. 33-35 CE
where was Saul heading to when he was converted?
Damascus to hunt Christians
what did Jesus say to Saul when he was converted?
“Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?”
what did Saul/Paul do soon after being converted?
preaching about Christ
what did Paul never view his conversion as?
a change in religion
What did Paul’s conversion & baptism really mean?
that he had discovered his true & proper place in the life of Israel
where was Paul granted permission by the Apostles to preach to Gentiles about Jesus?
Council of Jerusalem
what did the Council of Jerusalem decide about Gentile converts?
they did not have to become Jewish to become Christians (they only had to follow a few Jewish laws, not including circumcision)
what were Jesus & the 1st Christians?
Jewish
did Jesus seek a separate religion from Judaism?
no
what is the Faith we have today rooted in?
Judaism & Greek philosophy
how did the separation from Judaism come about?
- divide came about over time
- from beginning, some leaders wanted to do away w/ followers of “the Way”
- most notably, Saul who later became St. Paul
- Christian acceptance of non-Jews into their community seems to have been the last straw
- 70 CE –> Rome destroys Templte
- Pharisees meet in Jamnia & expel Christians from synagogue once & for all
- ^ where they decide Jesus is not Messiah & anyone who worships him is not a Jew
what happened in 70 CE/AD?
Rome destroys the Temple
when & where did the term “Christian” arise?
as early as 40 CE in Antioch
what does Christian mean?
“men of Christ”
when is “Christian” most true?
when we not only believe, but live out our faith
what does “catholic” mean?
universal
what language does “catholic” come from?
Greek
why are Catholics called Catholic (universal)?
by 112 CE, Christianity had spread everywhere in the Mediterranean world - their “universe”
where did the Church begin & where was it centered?
in Jerusalem
who were the leaders of the Church when it began?
the Apostles (especially Peter)
as faith spread throughout Mediterranean, what happened with leadership?
other leaders joined
what is the Greek term for bishop?
Episcopos (Greek)
what is the Greek term for priest?
Presbyter (Greek)
what other leaders joined the faith to assist in leading the Church?
bishops & priests
what does episcopos mean?
“overseer” or “boss” outside of the church
why did bishops take place as leaders?
Christianity was spreading & growing & Apostles were dying
what is Apostolic succession?
every Catholic & Orthodox bishop can trace his lineage to the Twelve Apostles (theoretically)
what term do bishops use to describe their job?
“overseer”
what did the Bishop of Rome eventually become known as?
pope or “papa”
who took on a special leadership role over time?
the successor of Peter, chief of the Apostles
what is a source of division between Catholic Church & Orthodox Churches as well as Anglican Church?
the Bishop of Rome becoming known as the pope and having a special leadership role
what is the role of the Bishop? (short version)
to preach, to teach, & to sanctify (make holy)
what is the role of the bishop? (long version)
- link between local church (diocese) & the Universal Church
- chief teacher & preacher of the Faith, responsible for the spiritual welfare of those under his care
- overseeing other ministers of the church who are under his authority
what is the role of the priest?
- assisting bishop (in caring for spiritual welfare of diocese)
- represent bishop in his absence
- preach & teach the faith
- lead celebration of the sacraments (except Holy Orders)
where is the ministry of the diaconate rooted in?
the Acts of the Apostles
what is the role of the deacon?
- to distribute goods to those in need
- to preach the gospel
where was Simon/Peter born?
Bethsaida, a town on the Sea of Galilee
what was the relation between Simon/Peter & the Apostles Andrew & Philip
Andrew was Simon/Peter’s brother & Philip was from the same town
where was Simon/Peter settled?
Capernum
who was Simon/Peter living with?
his mother-in-law (so he was married)
what was Simon/Peter’s profession?
fisherman on Sea of Galilee (possessed his own boat)
who were the 1st disciples called by Jesus?
Simon & his brother Andrew
Simon/Peter was a passionate follower of Jesus but…
he was often clueless
-thus providing a great hope to us
who was the 1st to confess his belief in Jesus as the Messiah?
Peter
what does the word Peter come from?
the Latin word for rock - petros
Peter is what?
the rock foundation of the Church
who has the Keys to the Kingdom?
Peter - Jesus explicitly gives him authority over the Church
is Peter singled out as superior to the other apostles, & later bishops?
yes, this is demonstrated in Gospels & Acts
what does “see” mean?
see = Latin “sedes” meaning “seat” or “place of authority”
by the year 70 AD, what did Peter do?
made his way to Rome to spread the Gospel message
where did Peter die by crucifixion?
Rome
what was different about Peter’s crucifixion?
per his request, he was crucified upside-down
how did Paul die?
he was beheaded in Rome
what would being crucified upside down do to the dying process?
it would make it slower & more painful
Peter’s death coupled with the Jewish Diaspora leads to what?
Rome becoming the center of Christianity
what is the diaspora?
when Rome destroyed the Temple & crushed the large rebellion of Jewish revolutionaries (who all dispersed)
