Catholic Tradition Mid Yr. Final Flashcards
what was primary goal of Council of Jerusalem?
to discuss how to welcome Gentile converts into Church & determine whether they must follow Jewish Law
what does “Great Commission” refer to?
when Jesus sent Apostles out to “make disciples of all nations” (Matthew 28:19)
as ex. of Peter’s early leadership in Church…
- he was 1st to give witness to Christ in speech at Pentecost
- he listened to everyone’s views at Council of Jerusalem & then considered the best way to proceed, w/ help of Holy Spirit
- advised choosing replacement for Judas & Apostles took his advice
Which of the following are considered the successors to the apostles: bishops priests or deacons
Bishops
Jesus and his followers were
Jewish
Where did Peter & Paul die?
Rome
To wholm did Jesus give the keys to the Kingdom?
Peter
Simon
Cephas
(all same person)
Saul consented to execution of whom?
Stephen
what was main topic of Jesus’ preaching?
Kingdom of God
Synonym to elder in acts of the apostles and alternative word for priest today
Presbyter
The uninterrupted passing on of apostolic preaching and authority from apostles directly to all the bishops. It is accomplished through the laying on of hands with a bishop is ordained in the sacrament of holy orders as instituted by Christ. The office of bishop is permanent because at ordination a bishop is marked with an indelible, sacred character
Apostolic Succession
another name for Bishop of Rome
Pope
name of Jewish harvest feast on which Holy Spirit came to Apostles
Pentecost
major issue for Gentiles who wanted to be Christians but not become Jewish 1st
Circumcision
In general what was Jesus suggesting to his listeners when he counceled them to turn the other cheek to get over there cloak and tunic and to walk the extra mile?
Jesus was suggesting nonviolent resistance to Roman impression. when one turns the other cheek, gives up their clothes or walks the extra mile they turn the situation around and subtly stand up for themselves. Jesus was enacting the kingdom over the Romans in particular
what does “Christian” mean? where did it come from?
“men of Christ”, came from Antioch
what does “catholic” mean?
“universal”
what did early Christians read in worship assemblies?
Jewish Scripture (today known as OT)
all of following are characteristics of early Christian apologetic texts except…
- They defended Christian beliefs and the Christian way of life
- They acknowledge mistakes and sought forgiveness
- They explained to pagans why Christianity is reasonable credible and respectable
- The exposed errors of heresies & contrasted them with the teaching of the apostles in sacred scripture
- acknowledged mistakes & sought forgiveness
what are 3 levels of Catholic clergy?
Bishop, priest, & deacon
Christianity became legal when…
Constantine issued Edict of Milan
Jesus & his followers were…
JEWISH
2 main sources of Divine Revelation are…
Sacred Tradition & Sacred Scripture
what is the Paschal Mystery of Jesus Christ?
Life, Death, & Resurrection
what are 3 stages of Gospel development?
- life of Jesus
- oral tradition
- written Gospels
who won Battle at the Milvian Bridge & became Roman emperor?
Constantine
Which apologist wrote: “we ourselves were well conversant with war murder and everything evil but all of us throughout the whole wide or traded in our weapons of war we have exchanged Power source for plowshares are Spears for farm tools. Now we cultivate the fear of God justice kindness to men faith and the expectation of the future given to us by the father himself through the Crucified One.”
Justin Martyr
what is # of books in catholic OT?
73
who burnt down portion of Rome, blamed the Christians, & then burnt them as mood lighting for his parties?
Nero
defineEdict of Milan
Constantine’s law granting toleration to Christianithy
of book is Protestant NT?
66
what does Ekklesia mean?
the assembly or Church
what were criteria for ancient writings to make it into biblical canon?
- Must be attributed to a follower of Jesus during his human life or St. Paul
- Content must agree with other examples of developing Christian scripture
- Must be commonly used in liturgical worship
- Church leaders must be in consensus that writing was divinely inspired
what issues were addressed by apologists?
- sacrilege & treason
- Incarnation
- Christian rituals
- Social structure
2 main parts of Catholic Mass?
- Liturgy of the Word
2. Liturgy of the Eucharist
St. Irenaeus of Lyon was an apologist who defended the faith against…?
Gnosticism
Clearly, see Peter has special responsibility and importance among the apostles. where do we see this in Scripture. Give at least three examples
- Peter was first to give witness to Jesus Christ when he spoke a great long speech in front of a crowd recounting the story of what happened and it’s credibility (how the apostles couldn’t be drunk at 9:00 in the morning) (occurred right after Pentecost)
- At Council of Jerusalem, Peter listens to everyone’s opinion and then decide the best way to proceed with the guidance of the Holy Spirit
- Peter was one who suggested choosing replacement for Judas, and all the other apostles took his advice
- Jesus specifically gave the keys to the kingdom to Peter
what is Kerygma & list parts
“preaching of the Apostles”
- summation of Jesus’ ministry
- recounting Jesus’ Crucifixion
- proclaiming Jesus’ Resurrection
- inviting people to repent & be baptized
- promise of Scripture fulfilled in Jesus Christ
The kingdom of God is much more than just Heaven. What does that have to do with this earthly life we share? Give at least three examples from Scripture
The kingdom of God is not just Heaven after we die. It is where the “little ones” are blessed. the little ones are those who are not blessed: the poor, the weak, the mourners, the peacemakers (everyone mentioned in the beatitudes). The kingdom of heaven is where everyone gives without expecting anything in return. It is where everyone close the naked, feed the hungry, and visit the sick. The kingdom of heaven is where everyone loves one another unconditionally
which os following saints wasn’t associated w/ developments of Western monasticism?
a. St. Anthony of Egypt
b. St. Brigid of Kildare
c. St. Benedict
d. St. George
St. George
all of following statements characterize St. Benedict’s community at Monte Cassino except…
a. community was complete, self-sustaining economic unit
b. monks took vows of chastity & obedience, but not poverty
c. monks’ way of life balanced prayer & work (ora et labora)
d. community followed Rule of Benedict, which emphasized moderation in all things
monks took vows of chastity & obedience, but not poverty
who is twin sister of St. Benedict & a leader of nuns?
St. Scholastica
what is superior & spiritual leader of monastery known as?
abbot or abbess
what is role of monastic rule in religious community?
instructions for pattern of living in particular religious order
person who lives a solitary life in order to commit himself or herself more fully to prayer & in some cases to be completely free for service to others is a…
hermit
community of monks that live together under common rule are what?
Cenobites
what is self-denial for religious/spiritual purposes?
asceticism
what is prayed several times throughout day by monks, nuns, priests, & deacons?
Liturgy of the Hours
list Monastic contrubutions to the Church & society…
- christianizing Europe, bringing Christ to countless people
- preserving Western knowledge and learning
- developing great art, architecture, and music that endure to this day
what is St. Jerome’s contribution to the life of the Church?
translating Bible from its original Hebrew & Greek into Latin, forming the major part of the Vulgate
what was St. Athanasius’ contrubution to the life of the Church?
defending Church teachings against Arian heresy
Nicene Creed is product of which 2 Ecumenical Councils?
Councils of Nicea & Constantinople
what factors led to collapse of Roman Empire in West?
- Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople, formerly Byzantium, leaving weak or corrupt emperors to govern the Western empire
- waves a barbarian invasions creating economic, social, and political pressures on the Western empire
- The Visigoths sacked Rome in AD 410
What changes did the edict of Milan bring into the lives of Christians in the Roman Emperor?
Safety and security made practicing the faith less risky
Who filled the void is stabilizing society in the absence of civil government?
bishops & priests
what was Arianism? what was its major claim?
The heresy that Jesus Christ was not God, that he was a being greater than humans but subordinate to God
What kind of person was St. Augustine before his conversion? name 2 people responsible for his conversion
notorious sinner; St. Ambrose of Milan & St. Monica were responsible for his conversion
what is Quran?
Islamic scripture
Define:
During the early centuries of the church, a teacher who’s writings extended the Tradition of the Apostles & who continues to be important for the Church’s teaching
Father of the Church
heretical priest from Alexandria
Arius
land handed over to pope in gratitude for being crowned “King of the Franks”
Donation of Pepin
who made heresy a crime in Western Empire?
Charlemagne
what is the place where Muhammad was free to preach & Islam developed beyond tribal bounderies
Medina
the only remaining Papal State
Vatican City
won Battle of Tours, stopping Muslim invasion of Europe that may have changed course of history
Charles Martel
prophet of Islam
Muhammad
title officially bestowed by the Church on those saints who are highly esteemed for their theological writings, as well as their personal holiness
Doctor of the Church
Who fill the void and stabilizing the western empire after Constantine moved to Byzantium?
clergy
define heresy
false teaching / wrong belief
define orthodoxy
right belief
what was major claim of Arian heresy?
that Jesus was not God (b/c he didn’t always exist)
what is an ecumenical council?
a council where all the bishops gather to discuss the Church & her teachings / problems
what motivated people to leave normal life behind to become monks?
Hesychasm (greed for stillness / quiet)
what does the monastic motto ora et labora mean?
simple & well ordered, balanced btwn. prayer & work
list 5 pillars of Islam:
- there is One God & Muhammad is God’s prophet
- Pray 5 times daily facing Mecca
- Fast during Ramadan
- Almsgiving
- Pilgrimage to Mecca
how did Muhammad view Jews & Christians?
as beleivers in One God (monotheists) & as people of the Book (have Sacred Scripture)
when understood authentically, what does jihad mean?
“exertion” / “struggle”
what is the holy city of Islam?
Mecca
what contemporary Church official said “faith & violence are incompatible”?
Pope Francis
define Apocrypha
The Protestant term for writings about Jesus or the Christian message that many Protestant confessions do not include in the canon of sacred Scripture
what is deuterocanonical?
Books of the OT but do not appear in Hebrew scripture but are accepted by the church as part of the canon of scripture
what are indulgences
Originally intended to encourage Christians to do good as penance for their sins
who was Johan Tetzel?
Dominican friar who was an infamous seller of indulgences, generating profits to fund papal building projects, including St. Peter’s Basilica
define justification
An invitation toward conversion, involving the removal of sin and the gift of God’s sanctifying grace to renew holiness, and accomplished by Christ’s Paschal mystery
define predestination
The belief that each person’s fate after death is already determined by God and that no one can do anything to change it. Espoused by Protestant groups in Switzerland
what did printing press do?
Promoted scholarship during the Renaissance, making knowledge widely available to people
define Renaissance?
“rebirth”
who was Saint Thomas More?
Chancellor of England who was executed for following his conscience and refusing to contradict church teaching about the primacy of the pope
define Theocracy
A form of government in which God is understood to be head of the state, ruling by divine guidance to its clergy or other ruling officials
what was distinguishing characeristic of Renaissance
humanism
define humanism
Sought to revive classical learning and promote achievements in scholarship, art, music, and architecture
bc Renaissance popes constantly needed $$$ to fund their lavish building & arts projects, they sought new sources of revenue, including sale of what?
indulgences
Seeking to preach reform of abuses in the church, Martin Luther posted what on the door of the church in Wittenberg, in present-day Germany?
Ninety-Five Theses
Luther believed that ___ comes soley by divine grace, and unearned gift of God, and is not merited by a sinner?
salvation
Despite officially breaking with the Catholic Church to create the church of England, who rejected Lutheran teaching & never considered himself a Protestant?
Henry VIII
Like Lutherans, who believed in a supreme authority of Scripture alone, but also denied Christ’s presence in the Eucharistic elements and principles worship without elaborate ritual or ornamentation?
Calvinists
Among its key decrees, the Council of Trent confirmed the inclusion of the ___ in the canon of Scripture, previously rejected by Martin Luther?
deuterocanonical books
What did the Council of Trent inaugurate that outlines reforms and clarified points of doctrine?
Catholic Reformation
The Jesuit order was founded by whom, a soldier who was seriously injured, begin to study the lives of the Saints, and realize that only a life lived for God held a meeting for him?
Ignatius of Loyola
St. Teresa of Àvila founded the order of what, which emphasize poverty, simplicity, contemplation, and prayer?
Discalced Carmelites
Describe three achievements in Renaissance scholarship, art, music, or architecture, and explain how each exemplifies the values of the time.
During Renaissance, many artistic masterpiece is came to life. Numerous artists in this time created beautiful paintings and drawings that celebrated the beauty of God’s creation, whether they depicted gospel scenes or a seacoast that exemplify the magnificence of gods work. The artwork of this time is for people to follow God by showcasing God’s love and mercy towards all. In addition to art, music also grew and developed during the Renaissance. New songs and hymns written for use of the liturgy and in prayer. Lyrics were forgot a bra people close it with him when they say together. A rebirth of music allow people to praise God in a new and improved way, and they could truly singing to the Lord a new song. Lastly the vast improvements in architecture the Renaissance gave way to the construction of many credible churches. Many basilicas rebuilt, one of the most notable be St. Peter’s Basilica, and in each one, the architectural achievements of this. Can be seen. The structure of the deal itself was a product of the Renaissance. He’s architectural masterpieces are fitting for their purpose, as they are the Houses of God. Even the buildings themselves glorify the greatness of God! All of these achievements during the Renaissance, in some way shape or form, praise and glorify God; as the song goes, “Praise him in the highest! To thee oh God belongeth a song.”
What is a sacrament?
- door to the sacred
- invitation to religious experience
- efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ & entrusted to Church by which we receive the life of God through the work of the Holy Spirit
what are the 7 Sacraments?
- Baptism
- Confirmation
- Eucharist
- Reconciliation (Confession)
- Anointing of the Sick
- Marriage
- Holy Orders (Ordination)
