Unit One Reveiw

Question 1

What is crossing over?

Answer 1

When non-sister chromatids cross over eachother to create new combinations if alleles that aren’t present in either parent. This creates genetic variation.

Question 2

What is synapsis?

Answer 2

When homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads

Question 3

What us the point where crossing over called?

Answer 3

Chiamas

Question 4

What is independent assortment in meiosis?

Answer 4

When homologous chromosomes line up next to eachother in metaphase 1 randomly

Question 5

Which is more harmful: nondisjuntion in meiosis 1 or 2?

Answer 5

Meiosis 1

Question 6

How many chromosomes result in gametes from non-dysjunction if ut happened in meiosis one?

Answer 6

Gamete 1= 3
Gamete 2= 3
Gamete 3= 1
Gamete 4 = 1

Question 7

How many chromosomes result in gametes if non-dysjunction happens in meiosis 2?

Answer 7

Gamete 1= 3
Gamete 2= 1
Gamete 3= 2 (normal)
Gamete 4= 2 (normal)

Question 8

What is a kartotype?

Answer 8

An image of a person’s set of homologous chromosomes.

Question 9

What is a autosome?

Answer 9

Chromosomes that don’t determine the sex of a ograism

Question 10

How are karytypes useful?

Answer 10

They can diagnose genetic disorders

Question 11

Which stage of cell division in meiosis is stopped to collect chromosomes for karyotyping?

Answer 11

Metaphase 1, as the chromosomes are the most clear and compacted

Question 12

What us the dye used in g-banding called?

Answer 12

Giema

Question 13

In G-banding, what causes dark bands to form?

Answer 13

The staining of rich bases (Adinine and thymine)

Question 14

How are homologous chromosomes similar.

Answer 14

Similar centromere placement, size , length and genes

Question 15

What does monosomy mean?

Answer 15

The lost of a chromosomes due to non-dysjunction

Question 16

What does trisomy mean?

Answer 16

The gain of a extra chromosome due to non-dysjunction

Question 18

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 18

The process of creating male gametes in mammals (sperm)

Question 19

What is Oogensis

Answer 19

The process of making female gametes in mammals (eggs)

Question 20

In both spermatogenesis and Oogensis, how many daughter cells are resulted?

Answer 20

Spermatogenesis = 4
Oogensis = 1

Question 21

Where does spermatogenesis and Oogensis happen?

Answer 21

Spermatogenesis = testes
Oogensis = ovaries

Question 22

Which phase does crossing over happen in meiosis?

Answer 22

Prophase 1

Question 23

What is selective breeding?

Answer 23

The process of breeding plants or animal for certain traits

(Breed brown cow with white cow to create brown spooted white cow)

Question 24

What is in vitro fertilization (IVF) ?

Answer 24

The process of fertilizing egg and sperm together outside the female body

Question 25

What is artificial insemination?

Answer 25

The process where sperm is collected and concentrated before being put into a females reproductive system

Question 26

What is cloning?

Answer 26

The process that produces identical copies of genes, cells and organisms for a variety of reasons

Question 27

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 27

The process of replacing an eggs cells nucleus with the nucleus from a somatic donor cell to produce a cell line of genetically identical cells

Question 28

What is reproductive cloning?

Answer 28

The process of producing genetically identical ograisms.

Question 29

What is a transgenic organism

Answer 29

The process by which foreign DNA is inserted into a given hosts genome

Question 31

What is embryonic transfer?

Answer 31

The process which an egg is taken from a female and fertilized artificially whcih is transfered back into the females uterus

Question 34

What is gene therapy?

Answer 34

The medical way to go into the DNA and replace a person's disease causing gene with a good copy of that gene