Mechanisms Of Evolution Flashcards
What is micro evolution?
When allele frequency changes in a gene pool in a poplution from one generation to the next
What is micro evolution on a scale?
The smallest scale of evolution
What are factors that change allele frequency in populations?
- Mutations
- Gene flow
- Non- random mating
- Genetic drift
- Natural selection
What is mutation?
The random introduction of new alleles in a population becuase of changes in the DNA
What is Gene flow?
When organisms move or migrate between Different interbreeding populations that have different allele frequency
What is non-random matting
When organisms chose their mates becuase of a particular Phenotype.
Or due to inbreeding
What is genetic drift
Change in allele frequencies due to a chance alone (random event)
What is natural selection?
Evintormental pressures select ogranisms that are better suited to survive and reproduce
What is the effect of mutation?
Changes the frequency of alleles in a population
What is the effect of gene flow
Change the allele frequency of the affected population as alleles “move”
What is the effect of non random mating?
Increases chances that homozygous individuals are produced (similar) (incest)
May not affect allele frequency
What does non random mating create?
Similar organisms because of inbreeding. (Smaller gene variations)
What does genetic drift create?
Fever organisms compared to original population and a smaller gene pool that depends on which genes by chance make up the new, smaller population.
What is the effect of natural selection
Allele frequency changes iver many generations which changes organisms characteristics in a population overtime
What is a species?
A population that can interbreed to produce viable and fertile offspring in which the offspeing can reproduce
What is speciation?
The creation of new speices from existing species
What is speciation also called?
Marco evolution
What is macro evolution
Larger scale of evolution
What is reproductive isolation?
When two population can’t mate with eachother
What are the two main reproductive isolating mechanisms?
Pre zytoic
Post zytoic
What is pre zygotic
It’s a barrier that prevent mating from happening between species or fertilization in eggs to form zygotes
What’s post zygotic?
The barrier that prevents a zygote from surviving and reproducing
What isolation is used to prevent mating?
Behavioral isolation, temporal isolation and habitat isolation
What is behavioral isolation? Example?
In which organisms don’t mate because of how each organism acts.
Ex. Mating rituals/calls in birds. One bird will have other call than other bird speices, thus no attraction is made between the two organism to mate.
