Evolution: Quiz One Flashcards
Define evolution
The change of heritable traits in a population over generations
Define natural selection
The process the result in evolution where ograisms with traits better suited for there environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
Four main criteria for natural selection to occur
- Limited resources and competition within populations
(Ograisms produce more offspring than can survive because of limited resources, which cause competition between organisms in a population) - variation between individuals
(Variation in heritable trauts between individuals in a population) - individuals are better to complete and survive
(Individuals with adaptation will be more likely to survive and reproduce more offspring than others) - inheritance of adaptations
(Adaptations are inherited by the offspring so more and more offspring will have this in future generations)
What is biological fitness?
The measure of a individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment
Why did Charles Darwin chose to not use evolution as his words
He beloved evolution implied progress, that generations were improving. But natural selection doesn’t progress, there isn’t a garentee that the generations better always trough natural selection. As it has no set direction
Lecler
- life forms are unchanging
Noted similarly between humans and apes, saying that they might come from common ancestry
- speices change over time
Curvier
-examined fossils
- credited for devopling the study of life trough fossils
- found out that some animal species could go extinct
Lyell
- geologist
- stated that geological processes happen the same rates in the past and present. He called the uniformitarianism
- slow processes could happen. Over a long period of time that resulted in small changes
Lamarck
- compared species of fossils forms
- said that species increased and devolped in complexity over time till they reached perfection
- said organisms would become adapted to their environment
- inheritance of characteristics = the idea that characteristics could be passed to offspring
- body parts not used over time would disappear = use and disuse
Malthus
- populations produced more offspring than could handle
- population would eventually be reduced to starving or diseases
Charles Darwin
- examined a d collected species to study
- populations changed over time
- organisms that had traits to help them survive would likely survive long enough to reproduce to pass them on to offspring
- survival of the fittest = organisms that are the most fit in their environments leave the most offspring so they win the struggle of survival
- said that all life came from one unknown organism
- organisms produced more offspring than could handle so this lead to the competition for limited recourses
- processes for change are slow
- used decent of modification
What does evolution help us understand?
The history of life and how inherited traits of an organisms of a population can change over time
What is a adaptation
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in their environments
Main three types of adaptations
- structural (Mimicry looks like dangerous speices , Cimouflage belnd into environment)
- Behavioral (hibernation animals sleep to reduce enegry and survive in harsh winters Migration animals move to warmer climates with better food to better survive winter EX. GEESE AND BEARS
- physiological body (sweating helps you stay cool to regulate body temperature producing toxins and venom EX. BLOOD SQUITING LIZARD
Why does genetic variation exist?
- random mutations that can be inherited
- recombination of alleles crossing over, independent assortment
- DNA replication
- Environmental factors uv rays, chemicals
