Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP psych > Unit One Part One Vocab > Flashcards

Unit One Part One Vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological

A

Biological psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This perspective explores how natural selection affects the expression of behavior and mental processes to increase survival

A

Evolutionary Perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ or ________, refers to genetic charateristics that influence physical, behavorial, and mental traits and processes

A

Nature or Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________ or ________ refers to the external factors that one experiences, such as family interactions or education

A

Nuture or enviroment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The principle that inherited traits better enable an orgainism to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations (Best genes)

A

Natural Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Seeks to eradicate genetic defects and improve the genetic makeup of populations through selective human breeding

Think Hitler

A

Eugenics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reseach utilizing twins. Often involve comparing characteristics of identical and fraternal twins

A

Twin Studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CNS or ________ is primary involved in mental activites and in coordinating and intergrading incoming sensory messages and outgoing motor messages

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PNS or ________ is the portion of the nervous system that lies outisde the brain and spinal cord- that is, all parts outide the central nervous system. Sensory and motor neurons that connect to CNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Self regulated
EX: heartbeat

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The division of the peripheral nervous system that control the bosy’s skeletal muscles.Also called the skeletal nervous system. Movement/Position

Aware of

EX: Running, writing notes etc

A

Somatic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Divison of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body; mobilizing its energy
Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body; Conserving energy
Rest and Digest

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking and memory

A

Glial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A neural circuit that is involoved in a reflex. It consists of an afferent or sensory, neuron that conducts nerve impulses.

A

Reflex Arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurons that carry incoming information form the body’s tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory (afferent) Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

A

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The principle that the amplitude of the action potenial in a neuron is independent of the magnitude of the stimulus. Thus, all stimuli above the neuron’s threshold trigger action potentials of identical magnitude

A

All or Nothing principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Positive outside, negative inside state- resting potential

A

Polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Loss of the inside/outside charge difference, causes the next section of axon channels to open

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In nerual processing, a brief resting period occurs after a neuron has fired

A

Refractory period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The electric potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron when it is in the non excited, or resting state

A

Resting Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron

A

Reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

A

Threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotions

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal

A

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Helps control alertness and arousal

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory, oversupply can stimulate the brain, producing seizures, tremors and insomnia

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter, undersupply is linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems, it plays a role in the modulation of pain

A

Substance p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Neurotransmitters that can influence the perception of pain or pleasure

A

Endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Enables muscle action, learning and memory

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chemical messengers manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstrem and affect other tissues

A

Hormones

36
Q

A neurotrasmitter, it plays a role in attention, focus, panic, and excitement

A

Adrenaline

37
Q

Protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

A

Leptin

38
Q

Hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends “I’m hungry” signals to the brain

A

Ghrelin

39
Q

Hormone; initiation of sleep and in the regulation of the sleep cycle

A

Melatonin

40
Q

Hormone that enables contractions associated with birthing, milk flow during nursing, and social connectedness/bonding

A

Oxytocin

41
Q

Scarring and inflammtion of the protective myelin sheath of nerves, which damages and destroys the sheath

A

Multiple Sclerosis

42
Q

An autoimmune disorder in which the body produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, causing faulty transmission of the nerve impulses at neuromuscular junctions

A

Myasthenia Gravis

43
Q

Exerts an activating downstream effect on postsynaptic neurons. That is, they depolarize the postsynaptic neurons, resulting in a GREATER likelihood of an action potential

A

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

44
Q

Resul in a SMALLER likelihood of an action potential by blocking or preventing the passage of a chemical message through the neural pathway

A

Inhibitory Neurotrasmitter

45
Q

A drug of chemical agent that binds to a particular receptor and produces a physiological effect, typically one similar to that of the body’s own neurotransmitter at the receptor

A

Agonist Drugs

46
Q

A drug or other chemical agent that inhibits the action of another substance

A

Antagonist drugs

47
Q

Drugs (caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful drugs like cocaine. amphetiamines, methamphetamine and ecstasy) excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

Stimulants

48
Q

Drugs (such as alcohol) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

49
Q

Drugs, such as marijana or LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

50
Q

Opium and its derivatives, like morphine and heroin depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opioids/Opiates

51
Q

With increasing doses, users start to crave the drug and continue to use it despite adverse consequences

A

Addiction

52
Q

The discomfort and distress that follows continuing the addictive drug; can cause a person to go back on the drug

A

Withdrawal

53
Q

With the continued use of drugs, brain chemistry adapts to the offset of the drug effect which then users require larger does to feel the effect of the drug

A

Tolerance

54
Q

Research conduted amoung siblilings, parents or children to assess gentic links

A

Family studies

55
Q

A research design that investigates the relationship amoung genetic and enviromnetal factos in development

A

Adoption Studies

56
Q

Oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the ________ is responsible for automatic functions

A

Brain stem

57
Q

The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

A

Medulla

58
Q

A part of the reticular formation thought to be particulatly involoved in the regulation of arousal, alertness, and sleep-wake cycles

A

Reticular Activation System

59
Q

The little brain at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinationg movement output and balance and enabling nonverbal/procedural learning and memory

A

Cerebellum

60
Q

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural calls covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s unlimite control and information-processing center. It is divided into four lobes

A

Cerebral Cortex

61
Q

The left and right halves of the cerebrum, the part of the brain concerned with sensation and perception, motor control, and higher level cognitive processes are called

A

Hemispheres

62
Q

This half of the brain has a greater responsiblity for spatial attention

A

Right hemisphere

63
Q

This half of the brain has a greater responsibilty with speech

A

Left hemisphere

64
Q

Neural system (including the amygdala, hyothalamus, and hippocampus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives

A

Limbic system

65
Q

The brains sensory control center, located on top of the brain stem; it directs messages to sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

A

Thalamus

66
Q

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs several maintance activities (eating, drinking, body temp), helps to govern the endoctrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

A

Hypothalamus

67
Q

Endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the ________ gland regulates growth and controls other endoctrine glands

A

Pituitary gland

68
Q

A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage of explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events

A

Hippocampus

69
Q

Two lima bean sizewd neural clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion, including fear and aggression

A

Amygdala

70
Q

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

A

Corpus Callosum

71
Q

The ________ Lobes generally control visual infomation processing and are located in the rear ofthe brain

A

Occipital Lobes

72
Q

The ________ Lobes generally control auditory and linguistic processing and are located on the sides of the brain

A

Temporal Lobes

73
Q

The ________ Lobes generally control association areas, which process and organize information, and the somatosensory cortex, whoch processes touch sensitivity. There lobes are located near the back crown of the brain

A

Parietal Lobes

74
Q

The ________ lobes located just behind the forehead, generally control linguistic processing, higher order thinking, and executive functioning especially in the Prefrontal cortex.

A

Frontal Lobes

75
Q

The ________ Cortex is located at the rear of the frontal lobes and controls most types of skeletal movement

A

Motor Cortex

76
Q

____________ is achieved by severing the corpus callosum, reveals that the right and left hemispheres of the brain may specialize in different activities

A

Split Brain Reseach

77
Q

This area in the left hemisphere of the brain specializing in speech production

A

Broca’s Area

78
Q

This area in the left hemisphere of the brain specializing in speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

79
Q

This type of patient has their Corpus Callosum severed in half

A

Split Brain Patient

80
Q

Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage eith to Broca’s Area or Wernicke’s Area

A

Aphasia

81
Q

________ is the ability of the brain to rewire itself or modify or create new connections throughout development and generally allows for the function of a damaged part of the brain to be assumed by a different part of the brain

A

Brain Plasticity

Phineas Gage

82
Q

Research on the brain is done using _________
Used to view clear images of the brain structures

A

Brain Scans

83
Q

Studies brain waves

A

EEG

84
Q

used to localize areas cognitive activiation based on the correlation between brain activity and blood property

A

fMRI

85
Q

Any disruption of or damage to the normal sturcture or function of an organ or part of an organ due to injury, disease or a surgical procedure

A

Lesioning

AP psych (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions