Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
This study of how our behavior, thoughts, and emotions affect our health.
Health Psychology
This is a state of overall health and balance, including physical, emotional, and mental health.
Wellness
This is a feeling of pressure or tension caused by challenges or demands.
Stress
Things that cause stress
Stressors
This is the body’s emotional or physical responses to stress.
Stress Reactions
Positive stress that motivates you to take action
Eustress
Negative stress that feels overwhelming or harmful.
Distress
This is the three-stage process your body goes through when responding to stress: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.
GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome)
This is the body’s automatic reaction to a threat, preparing to either fight or run away.
Fight or Flight Response
This is a response to stress where people (especially women) bond with others for support.
Tend and Befriend Theory
This type of coping involves dealing with stress by tackling the problem causing it.
Problem-Focused Coping
This type of coping invovles dealing with stress by managing your emotions rather than the problem.
Emotion-Focused Coping
This is the study of what makes life worth living and how people can thrive.
Postive Psychology
This is a state of being happy, healthy, and content.
A state of happiness and contentment, with low levels of distress
Well-being
This is the ability to bounce back from difficult situations.
Resilience
Feelings that are pleasant or good, such as joy, excitement, or love.
Positive Emotion
This is when you are recognizing and appreciating the good things in your life.
Saying Thank you when someone helps you
Gratitude
Personal qualities that define who you are, such as wisdom, courage, and kindness.
Signature Strengths/Virtues
What is it called when a person experences positive changes that can happen after experiencing a traumatic event.
Post Traumatic Growth
This is a condition that disrupts thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, leading to difficulty functioning in daily life.
Psychological/Mental Disorder
One of the 3 D’s
Difficulty performing daily tax
Dysfunction
One of the 3 D’s
Feeling deeply upset or troubled
Distress
One of the 3 D’s
Behaviors or thoughts that are very different from society norms
Deviance
This is the process of identifying a mental disorder using specfic criteria
Diagnostic
This is called when there are negative attitides or beliefs about mental disorders
Stigma
This Evidence-based Diagnostic Tool is A manual psychologists use to diagnose mental disorders based on standardized criteria
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders):
This Evidence-Based Diagnostic Tool is A global system for diagnosing all diseases, including mental health.
ICD (International Classifufication of Diseases):
This Approach uses combining techniques from different perspectives to treat mental disorders.
Eclectic Approach
This perspective focuses on how learning (e.g., rewards and punishments) shapes mental disorders.
Ex Phobias developing from negative experiences, like being bitten by a dog
Behavioral Perspective
This perspective emphasizes unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
Example: Anxiety stemming from repressed trauma.
Psychodynamic Perspective
This perspective focuses on personal growth and self-fulfillment, emphasizing free will.
Example: Depression caused by feeling unable to reach life goals.
Humanistic Perspective
This perspective focuses on how thoughts and beliefs contribute to mental disorders.
Example: Negative thinking patterns worsening anxiety.
Cognitive Perspective
This perspective considers how mental disorders may have helped ancestors survive.
Example: Anxiety might have evolved to alert humans to danger.
Evolutionary Perspective
This perspective emphasizes the role of culture, family, and society in mental health.
Example: Depression linked to cultural stigma against seeking help.
Sociocultural Perspective
This perspective examines how genetics, brain structures, and chemicals contribute to mental disorders.
Example: Schizophrenia linked to dopamine imbalances.
Biological Perspective
This model shows how mental health is influenced by biology, psychology, and social factors.
Example: Depression caused by a mix of brain chemistry (bio), negative thinking (psycho), and isolation (social).
Biopsychosocial Model
This model shows how mental disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress.
Example: A person with a family history of anxiety developing it after losing a job.
Diathesis-Stress Model
Memory Tip: Diathesis + stress = “double trouble” for mental health.
This type of disorder begins in childhood and affects brain development, such as learning disabilities or difficulties with social behavior.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
This disorder affects communication, behavior, and social interaction, often with repetitive behaviors.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
This severe mental disorders that involve delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts.
Hearing voices or believing you’re being followed when you’re not.
Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders
This type of delusion involves believing others are out to harm you
Persecution
This type of delustion invovles believing you are more important than you are
Grandeur
Sensing things that aren’t there, like hearing voices or seeing nonexistent objects.
Hallucinations
Definition: Thoughts and words come out jumbled and make no sense.
Disorganized Thinking/Speech (Word Salad)
Erratic movements or lack of movement, sometimes bizarre
Disorganized Motor Behavior
Losing things like emotions or motivation.
Negative Symptoms
Adding things like hallucinations or delusions.
Positive Symptoms
Disorders marked by sadness and loss of interest in life activities.
Depressive Disorders
Intense sadness for a short period.
Major Depressive
This type of depression is a milder sadness lasting for years.
Persistent Depressive Disorders
This type of mental disorder invovles mood swings between extreme highs (mania) and lows (depression)
Bipolar Disorders
An overly excited, energetic state in a bipolar disorder
Mania
This biopolar shifts between mania and depression
Bipolar Cycling
This type of bipolar has severe mania
Bipolar 1
This type of bipolar is milder mania (hypomania).
Bipolar 2
This type of mental disorder is a persistent and excessive worry or fear.
Anxiety Disorders
This type of anxiety disorder involves, fear of a particular object or situation (e.g., spiders).
Specific Phobia
This type of anxiety disorder involves, fear of being in situations where escape feels impossible.
Agoraphobia
This type of anxiety disorder involves, sudden episodes of intense fear with physical symptoms like heart racing.
Panic Disorder
This type of anxiety disorder involves, a cultural expression of intense fear and distress, often with screaming and crying.
Ataque de Nervios
This type of anxiety disorder involves, a fear of social situations and being judged.
Social Anxiety Disorder
This type of anxiety disorder is common amoung the Japanese and this disorder involves fear of offending others.
Taijin Kyofusho
This type of mental disorder involves, repeated, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Obsessions are…what
instrusive thoughts
Compulsions are…
instrusive behaviors
This type of disorder nvloves, a difficulty parting with items, leading to clutter.
Hoarding Disorder
This type of mental disorder involves, being disconnection from reality or identity
Dissociative Disorders
This type of dissociative disorder involves, forgetting personal information.
Dissociative Amnesia
This type of dissociative disorder involves having two or more distinct identities.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
this type of disorder involves stress and flashbacks from traumatic events.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
This type of eating disorder usally refuses to eat due to fear of weight gain.
Anorexia Nervosa
This type of eating diorder usally eats a lot, then purges
Bulimia Nervosa
This type of disorder has long-term patterns of behavior that affect relationships.
Personality Disorders
This personality disorder cluster is typically, odd or eccentric (e.g., paranoia).
Cluster A
This personality disorder cluster is typically, dramatic or emotional (e.g., narcissistic).
Cluster B
This personality disorder cluster is typically, anxious or fearful (e.g., dependent).
Cluster C
This type of reseach method uses combining results from multiple studies to find overall trends.
Meta-Analysis
Definition: Trust and collaboration between therapist and client.
Trust and collaboration between therapist and client.
Therapeutic Alliance
Using proven research to guide therapy or treatment.
Evidence based Practice
Moving patients from institutions to community-based care.
Deinstitutionalization
Guidelines for ethical behavior in psychology, like confidentiality and informed consent.
Ethical Principles
Exploring unconscious motives and childhood experiences
Psychodynamic Therapy Techniques
Saying whatever comes to mind to uncover unconscious thoughts.
Free Association
Interpreting dreams to uncover unconscious desires or conflicts.
Dream Analysis
This therapy involves changing distorted thinking patterns to improve behavior
Cognitive Therapy Techniques
Using behavioral principles to change actions, often in autism therapy.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
This type of therapy invovles the gradual exposure to a feared object or situation to reduce fear.
Exposure Thrapy
Pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to fears.
Systematic Desensitization
Pairing negative stimuli with unwanted behaviors to stop them
Aversion Therapy
Rewarding desired behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards.
Token Economy
Using technology to monitor and control physiological processes.
Biofeedback
Combines changing thoughts (cognitive) and behaviors
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Focuses on emotion regulation and mindfulness for intense emotions.
Challenging irrational beliefs to reduce distress.
Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
Focuses on self-growth and personal potential.
Humanistic Therapy
Therapy with multiple participants working on shared issues.
Group Therapy
One-on-one therapy between client and therapist.
Individual Therapy
A trance-like state used to increase focus and suggestibility.
Hypnosis
Treatments targeting biological processes to improve mental health.
Biological Interventions/Therapy
Substances that alter brain chemistry to influence mood and behavior.
Psychoactive Medications/Drugs
Medications that target neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, or GABA
Medication Interactions with Specific Neurotransmitters
Medications that treat depression by increasing neurotransmitter levels.
Antidepressants
Medications that reduce anxiety by calming the central nervous system.
Antianxiety Medications
A mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder.
Lithium
Medications that reduce symptoms of psychosis by affecting dopamine levels.
Antipsychotic Medications
Long-term use of antipsychotics can cause involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia).
Antipsychotic Medication Side Effects; Tardive Dyskinesia
Physical procedures targeting the brain to treat severe mental disorders.
Surgery/Invasive Interventions
Surgical removal or alteration of brain tissue to treat mental illness.
Psychosurgery
Using magnetic fields to stimulate brain areas, often for depression.
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
Electric currents induce seizures to treat severe depression or bipolar disorder.
ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy)
Obsolete psychosurgery where brain connections were severed to reduce symptoms.
Lobotomy
