Unit IV.B The Prokaryotes (The Nonproteo Gram-Negative Bacteria)

Question 1

The Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria, carry out oxygenic photosynthesis, heterocysts - contain enzymes that fix nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) → growing cell

Answer 1

Cyanobacteria

Question 2

• smallest known photosynthesizer.
• One of the most abundant organisms on Earth, comprising most of the photosynthetic population in tropical and subtropical oceans.

Answer 2

Prochlorococcus

Question 3

called green sulfur bacteria.

Answer 3

chlorobi

Question 4

called green nonsulfur bacteria

Answer 4

chloroflexi

Question 5

purpe sulfur bacteria

Answer 5

Chromatium

Question 6

grouped with other genetically similar bacteria that do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Answer 6

Chlamydiae

Question 7

group of gram-negative, budding bacteria, are said to “blur the definition of what bacteria are.”

genus Planctomyces are aquatic bacteria that produce stalks resembling Caulobacter and have cell walls similar to those of the archaea, without peptidoglycan.

Answer 7

Planctomycetes

Question 8

common members of the human microbiome, especially the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 8

Bacteroidetes

Question 9

found in the human mouth

Answer 9

Prevotella

Question 10

is an emerging cause of healthcare-associated infections.

Answer 10

Elizabethkingia

Question 11

• live in the human intestinal tract, gingival crevice and recovered from deep-tissue infections.
• cause of peritonitis, an inflammation resulting from a perforated bowel.

Answer 11

Bacteroides

Question 12

• are important in the degradation of cellulose and chitin, which are both abundant in soil.

Answer 12

Cytophaga

Question 13

• are long, slender, gram-negative rods with pointed rather than blunt ends
• found in the gingival crevice of the gums and responsible for some dental abscesses

Answer 13

fusobacterium/a

Question 14

• Motility → use of two or more axial filaments (endoflagella) are found in the human oral cavity
• Extraordinary location for spirochetes → surfaces of cellulose-digesting protozoa found in termites, → substitutes for flagella.

Answer 14

spirochetes

Question 15

causes syphilis

Answer 15

Treponema pallidum

Question 16

causes Lyme disease

Answer 16

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 17

resistance to extremes in the environment. They stain gram-positive but have a cell wall that differs slightly in chemical structure from those of other gram- positives.

Answer 17

Deinococcus-Thermus