Unit 2 (A): Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

3 Basic Shapes

Rod-shaped; plural bacilli, meaning “little rods or walking sticks”

A

Bacillus

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2
Q

3 Basic Shapes

Spherical shaped; plural cocci, meaning “berries”

A

Coccus

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3
Q

3 Basic Shapes

(Vibrio, Spirillum, Spirochete)
* Have one more twists; they are never
straight

A

Spirals

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4
Q

cell arrangement

A
  1. cocci
  2. diplococci
  3. streptococci
  4. staphylococci
  5. tetrad
  6. sarcinae
  7. bacillus
  8. diplobacilli
  9. streptobacilli
  10. coccobacilli
  11. vibrio
  12. spirilia
  13. spirochete
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5
Q
  • means “sugar coat”, substances that
    surround the cell; Described as capsule or
    slime layer;
  • serve in many bacteria as a
    protection device, blocking the immune
    system from attacking them.
  • a very important
    component of biofilms
A

Glycocalyx

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6
Q
  • a complex structure of microbiome having
    different bacterial colonies or single type
    of cells in a group; adhere to the surface
  • defined as a community of micro-organisms irreversibly attached to a surface and encased in an EPS, with increased resistance to host cellular and chemical responses.
A

biofilm

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7
Q

Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

A

Flagellum/-a

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8
Q

parts of flagella

  1. long outermost region
  2. where the filament is attached to
  3. anchors the flagellum to the cell wall and plasma membrane
A
  1. filament
  2. hook
  3. basal body
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9
Q

ability of a organism to move by itself

A

motility

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10
Q

bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of
the cell, that enable corkscrew-like
motion

A

axial filaments

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11
Q

a group of bacteria that
have unique structure and motility. One
of the best-known spirochetes

A

spirochetes

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12
Q
  • tube-like structures that grow out of
    gram-negative bacteria. These occur in
    clumps or spread across the entire surface
    that allow for attachment of bacteria.
  • can occur at the poles of the
    bacterial cell or can be evenly distributed
    over the entire surface of the cell.
    o They can number anywhere from
A

fimbriae

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13
Q
  • tube-like structures that occur in low numbers and allow for the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells.
  • usually longer than fimbriae and
    number only one or two per cell.
A

pilus/-i

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14
Q
  • a complex, semirigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell.
  • contributes to the ability of some species to cause disease and is the site of action of some antibiotics.
A

cell wall

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15
Q

consists of a repeating disaccharide connected by polypeptides to form a lattice that surrounds and protects the entire cell.

A

peptidoglycan

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16
Q
  • has thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • do not contain teichoic acids.
  • they are more susceptible to mechanical breakage due to thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • less sensitive to medications because outer membrane acts as additional barries
A

gram - cell wall

17
Q
  • has a thick layer of peptidoglycan
  • contain teichoic acids, which consist primarily of an alcohol (such as glycerol or ribitol) and phosphate.
A

gram + cell wall

18
Q

smallest known bacteria that can grow and reproduce outside living host cells.

A

mycoplasmas

19
Q

a thin lipid bilayer than encases the cytoplasm of the cell.

A

cell membrane

20
Q

movement of material

  • does not require energy to occur
  • high to low concentration
A

passive process

21
Q

passive process

movement of ions or molecules from a
location of high concentration to low
concentration.

A

simple diffusion

22
Q

passive process

Diffusion that occurs through a protein called a transporter.

A

facilitated diffusion

23
Q

passive process

the net movement of solvent
molecules across a semipermeable
membrane

24
Q

osmotic pressure

solutes concentration is equal inside and outside a membrane

25
solutes are at a **lower concentration outside** the cell than inside
hypotonic
26
solutes are at a **higher concentration outside** the cell than inside
hypertonic
27
movement across a membrane that requires energy.
ative process
28
the fluid component inside the plasma membrane.
cytoplasm
29
contains the DNA of the bacterial chromosome.
nucleoid
30
small, nonessential, circular DNA (5-100 genes generally not crucial for the survival of the bacterium
plasmids
31
* are resting structures formed by some bacteria; they allow survival during adverse environmental conditions. * “resting cells” Storage of DNA—to survive harsh condition; when condition is right it come out and form new bacterial cells (Vegetative= parent cell). It allows the bacterium to produce a dormant and highly resistant cell to preserve the cell's genetic material in times of extreme stress.
endospores
32
process of endospore formation within a vegetative (parent) cell and it takes several hours
sporulation