Unit 2 (B): Functional Anatomy of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
used for cellular locomotion or for
moving substances along the surface of the cell.
flagella and cilia
projections are few and are long in
relation to the size of the cell,
flagella
projections are numerous and short,
cilia
contain
carbohydrates, which serve as attachment sites
for bacteria
eukaryotic membranes
contain
sterols, complex lipids
eukaryotic plasma membrane
associated with the ability of the membranes to resist lysis resulting from increased osmotic pressure
sterols
occurs when a segment of the plasma membrane surrounds a particle or large molecule, encloses it, and brings it into the cell.
endocytosis
3 types of endocytosis
cellular projections called pseudopods engulf
particles and bring them into the cell.
phagocytosis
3 types of endocytosis
plasma membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell, along with whatever substances are dissolved in the fluid
pinocytosis
3 types of endocytosis
substances (ligands) bind to receptors in
the membrane. When binding occurs, the
membrane folds inward.
receptor-mediated endocytosis,
the substance in which various
cellular components are found.
cytoplasm
movement of eukaryotic cytoplasm from one part of the cell to another
cytoplasmic streaming
- Site of protein synthesis
- Attached to the outer surface of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
- unattached to any structure in the cytoplasm
- synthesize proteins used inside the cell.
free ribosomes
attached to the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum.
membrane-bound ribosomes
contain almost all of the cell’s
hereditary information.
nucleus
tiny channels allowing
nucleus to communicate with the
cytoplasms.
nuclear pores
folded transport network; an
extensive network of flattened
membranous sacs or tubules
called cisternae
endoplasmic reticulum
factory for synthesizing
secretory proteins and
membrane molecules.
rough er
synthesize
phospholipids
smooth er
▪ Transport organelle
▪ Modifies proteins from the ER
golgi comples
contain as many as 40
different kinds of digestive
enzymes capable of breaking
down various molecule
lysosomes
a space or cavity in
the cytoplasm of a cell that is
enclosed by a membrane called a
tonoplast.
vacuoles
contain 70S
ribosomes and some DNA of
their own, as well as the
machinery necessary to
replicate, transcribe, and
translate the information
encoded by their DNA.
play a central role in ATP production
mitochondria
- Location of photosynthesis
- that contains both the pigment chlorophyll and the enzymes required for the lightgathering phases of photosynthesis.
chloroplast
- Similar in structure to
lysosomes, but smaller - contain one or more enzymes
that can oxidize various organic
substances.
perixosomes
located near the nucleus, consists
of two components: the
pericentriolar area and
centrioles.
centrosomes
area organizing mitotic spindle
pericentriolar material
are a pair of
cylindrical structures
that are found within the
pericentriolar material
centrioles
by Lynn Margulis
- larger bacterial cells lost their cell walls and
engulfed smaller bacterial cells. - Ingested photosynthetic bacteria became
chloroplasts - Ingested aerobic bacteria became the
mitochondria - This relationship, in which one organism lives
within another, is called endosymbiosis
(symbiosis = living together).
the ancestral eukaryote developed a rudimentary nucleus when the plasma membrane folded around the chromosome.
endosymbiotic theory
