Unit 2 (B): Functional Anatomy of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

used for cellular locomotion or for
moving substances along the surface of the cell.

Answer 1

flagella and cilia

Question 2

projections are few and are long in
relation to the size of the cell,

Answer 2

flagella

Question 3

projections are numerous and short,

Answer 3

cilia

Question 4

contain
carbohydrates, which serve as attachment sites
for bacteria

Answer 4

eukaryotic membranes

Question 5

contain
sterols, complex lipids

Answer 5

eukaryotic plasma membrane

Question 6

associated with the ability of the membranes to resist lysis resulting from increased osmotic pressure

Answer 6

sterols

Question 7

occurs when a segment of the plasma membrane surrounds a particle or large molecule, encloses it, and brings it into the cell.

Answer 7

endocytosis

Question 8

3 types of endocytosis

cellular projections called pseudopods engulf
particles and bring them into the cell.

Answer 8

phagocytosis

Question 9

3 types of endocytosis

plasma membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell, along with whatever substances are dissolved in the fluid

Answer 9

pinocytosis

Question 10

3 types of endocytosis

substances (ligands) bind to receptors in
the membrane. When binding occurs, the
membrane folds inward.

Answer 10

receptor-mediated endocytosis,

Question 11

the substance in which various
cellular components are found.

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

movement of eukaryotic cytoplasm from one part of the cell to another

Answer 12

cytoplasmic streaming

Question 13

• Site of protein synthesis
• Attached to the outer surface of the rough
  endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

ribosomes

Question 14

• unattached to any structure in the cytoplasm
• synthesize proteins used inside the cell.

Answer 14

free ribosomes

Question 15

attached to the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 15

membrane-bound ribosomes

Question 16

contain almost all of the cell’s
hereditary information.

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

tiny channels allowing
nucleus to communicate with the
cytoplasms.

Answer 17

nuclear pores

Question 18

folded transport network; an
extensive network of flattened
membranous sacs or tubules
called cisternae

Answer 18

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

factory for synthesizing
secretory proteins and
membrane molecules.

Answer 19

rough er

Question 20

synthesize
phospholipids

Answer 20

smooth er

Question 21

▪ Transport organelle
▪ Modifies proteins from the ER

Answer 21

golgi comples

Question 22

contain as many as 40
different kinds of digestive
enzymes capable of breaking
down various molecule

Answer 22

lysosomes

Question 23

a space or cavity in
the cytoplasm of a cell that is
enclosed by a membrane called a
tonoplast.

Answer 23

vacuoles

Question 24

contain 70S
ribosomes and some DNA of
their own, as well as the
machinery necessary to
replicate, transcribe, and
translate the information
encoded by their DNA.
play a central role in ATP production

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

• Location of photosynthesis
• that contains both the pigment chlorophyll and the enzymes required for the lightgathering phases of photosynthesis.

Answer 25

chloroplast

Question 26

• Similar in structure to
  lysosomes, but smaller
• contain one or more enzymes
  that can oxidize various organic
  substances.

Answer 26

perixosomes

Question 27

located near the nucleus, consists
of two components: the
pericentriolar area and
centrioles.

Answer 27

centrosomes

Question 28

area organizing mitotic spindle

Answer 28

pericentriolar material

Question 29

are a pair of
cylindrical structures
that are found within the
pericentriolar material

Answer 29

centrioles

Question 30

by Lynn Margulis

• larger bacterial cells lost their cell walls and
  engulfed smaller bacterial cells.
• Ingested photosynthetic bacteria became
  chloroplasts
• Ingested aerobic bacteria became the
  mitochondria
• This relationship, in which one organism lives
  within another, is called endosymbiosis
  (symbiosis = living together).

Question 31

the ancestral eukaryote developed a rudimentary nucleus when the plasma membrane folded around the chromosome.

Answer 31

endosymbiotic theory