Unit IV Part B: Structural Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What kinds of words end in -nen?

A

Only nominative singular words.

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2
Q

I know an American diplomat.

A

Tunnen amerikkalaisen diplomaatin.

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3
Q

He is an American diplomat.

A

Hän on amerikkalainen diplomaati.

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4
Q

What kind of car do you have?

A

Millainen auto sinulla on?

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5
Q

What kind of car do you like?

A

Millaisesta autosta pidat?

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6
Q

President kekkonen is famous.

A

Presidentti Kekkonen on kuuluisa.

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7
Q

I don’t know President Kekkonen.

A

En tunne presidentti Kekkosta.

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8
Q

“What kind of…” to nominative-genitive-paritive-illative

A

millainen, millaisen, millaista, millaiseen

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9
Q

“American” to nominative-genitive-partitive-illative

A

amerikkalainen, amerikkalaisen, amerikkalaista, amerikkalaiseen

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10
Q

How to form the past tense affirmative?

A
  1. Add -i before the personal ending of the present tense.

2. The 3rd-person singular (he, she) has no personal ending.

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11
Q

I live, I lived

A

Asun, Asuin

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12
Q

you live, you lived

A

Asut, Asuit

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13
Q

he, she lives , he, she lived

A

hän asuu, hän asui

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14
Q

What was your name again?

A

Mikä olikaan nimenne?

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15
Q

I waited for the elevator for ten minutes.

A

Odotin hissiä kymmenen minuuttia.

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16
Q

I already tasted the “cake-sandwich”.

A

Otin jo voileipäkakkua.

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17
Q

Everything tasted so good.

A

Kaikki maistui niin hyvältä.

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18
Q

What kind of changes occur in the stem of the word before -i is added?

A
  1. No change just add -i before the personal ending.
  2. Change in the last vowel of the stem. Verbs ending in -aa that have -a in the first syllable, verbs ending in -ta, -tä, and verbs that form past tense with -si.
  3. The last vowel is dropped. Verbs ending in -aa.
  4. The first vowel is dropped.
  5. If the stem ends in -i, the past tense is the same as present tense except in the 3rd-person.
  6. if the stem ends in -e, it is dropped.
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19
Q

to sleep

A

nukkua, nukun, nukuin

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20
Q

to live

A

asua, asun, asuin

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21
Q

to sit

A

istua, istun, istuin

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22
Q

to intend

A

aikoa, aion, aioin

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23
Q

to ask

A

kysyä, kysyn, kysyin

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24
Q

to ask

A

sanoa, sanon, sanoin

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25
to speak
puhua, puhun, puhuin
26
to look
katsoa, katson, katsoin
27
to drive
ajaa, ajan, ajoin
28
to pay
maksaa, maksan, maksoin
29
to give
antaa, annan, annoin
30
to meet
tavata, tapaan, tapasin
31
to want
haluta, haluan, halusin
32
to answer
vastata, vastaan, vastasin
33
to return
palata, palaan, palasin
34
to rent, lease
vuokrata, vuokraan, vuokrasin
35
to know (a fact)
tietää, tiedän, tiesin
36
to know somebody
tuntea, tunnen, tunsin
37
to find
löytää, löydän, löysin
38
to understand
ymmärtää, ymmärrän, ymmärrsin
39
to ask
pyytää, pyydän, pyysin
40
to move, transfer
siirtää, siirrän, siirsin
41
Type 3 past tense changes:
,
42
To TaKe, we take, we took
Ottaa, otamme, otimme
43
To buy, we buy, we bought
Ostaa, ostamme, ostimme
44
To keep (like), we keep (like), we kept (liked)
Pitää, pidämme, pidimme
45
To use, we use, we used
Käyttää, käytämme, käytimme
46
To thank, we thank, we thanked
Kiittää, kiitämme, kiitimme
47
To travel, we travel, we traveled
Matkustaa, matkustamme, matkustimme
48
To present, we present, we presented
Esittää, esitämme, esitimme
49
Type 4 changes:
,
50
To drink, I drink, I drank
Juoda, juon, join
51
To eat, you eat, you ate
Syödä, syöt, söit
52
To take, he takes, he took
Viedä, hän vie, hän vie
53
To get, I get, I got
Saada, saan, sain
54
To be able to, I am able to, I was able to | Can, I can, I could
Voida, minä voin, minä voin
55
To ring, it rings, it rang
Soida, se soi, se soi
56
To visit, I visit, I visited
Käydä, käyn, kävi
57
To look for, she looks for, she looked for
Etsiä, hän etsii, hän etsi
58
To learn, he learns, he learned
Oppia, hän oppii, hän oppi
59
To be able to, I am able to, I was able to | Can, I can, I could
Voida, minä voin, minä voin
60
Type 6:
.
61
To read, I read, I read
Lukea, luen, luin
62
To do, I do, I did
Tehdä, teen, tein
63
To see, I see, I saw
Nähdä, näen, näin
64
To come, I come, I came
Tulla, tulen, tulin
65
To go, I go, I went
Mennä, menen, menin
66
To be, I am, I was
Olla, olen, olin
67
How to form the past-tense negative?
1. Use the main verb form of past participle | 2. Use the negation verb
68
I didn't see it.
En nähnyt sitä.
69
Didn't you sleep well?
Etkö nukkunut hyvin?
70
I didn't listen to the news.
En kuunnellut uutisia.
71
I didn't see.
(Minä) en nähnyt.
72
you didn't see.
(Sinä) et/Te ette nähnyt.
73
He/she didn't see.
Hän ei nähnyt
74
We didn't see.
(Me) emme nähnyt.
75
You didn't see.
(Te) ette nähnyt.
76
They didn't see.
He eivät nähnyt.
77
I don't see.
(Minä) en näe.
78
you don't see.
(Sinä) et näe.
79
He/she doesn't see.
Hän ei näe.
80
We don't see.
Me emme näe.
81
You don't see.
Te ette näe.
82
They don't see.
He eivät näe.
83
How to form the past active participle participle?
It depends on wheter the ending is... 1. A/ä or da/dä 2. Assimilated with constant...la/lä, na/nä, ra/rä 3. Ta/tä 4. Sta/stä
84
How to form the past active participle if the I infinitive ens in a/ä or da/dä?
1. Remove the ending 2. Add -nyt/nut for singular words 3. Add -neet for plural words
85
Past active participle (pap) | To live
Asua, asunut, asuneet
86
(Pap) I infinitive, singular, plural | To eat
Syöda, syönyt, syöneet
87
Past active participle- | To be
Olla, ollut, olleet
88
Past active participle: | To go
Mennä, mennyt, menneet
89
Past active participle: | To bite
Purra, purrut, purreet
90
Past active participle: | To put
Panna, pannut, panneet
91
Past active participle: | To meet
Tavata, tavannut, tavanneet
92
Past active participle: | To promise
Luvata, luvannut, luvanneet
93
Past active participle: | To run
Juosta, juossut, juosseet
94
Past active participle: | To wash
Pestä, pessyt, pesseet
95
Have You meet my wife Maija?
Oletko tavannut vaimoni Maijan?
96
How long have you been here?
Kauanko olette ollut täällä?
97
I have only studied a month.
Olen opiskellut vasta kuukauden.
98
I have been here for a week.
(Minä) olen ollut täällä viikon.
99
you have been here for a week.
(Sinä) olet ollut täällä viikon.
100
He/She/It has been here for a week.
Hän/se on ollut täällä viikon.
101
We have been here for a week.
(Me) olemme olleet täällä viikon.
102
You have been here for a week.
(Te) olette olleet täällä viikon.
103
They have been here for a week.
He/ne ovat olleet täällä viikon.
104
I haven't visited Finland.
En ole käynyt Suomessa.
105
.you haven't visited Finland.
Et ole käynyt Suomessa.
106
He/She/It hasn't visited Finland.
Hän ei ole käynyt Suomessa.
107
We haven't visited Finland.
Emme ole käyneet Suomessa.
108
You haven't visited Finland.
Ette ole käyneet Suomessa.
109
They haven't visited Finland.
He eivät ole käyneet Suomessa.
110
Have you visited Finland?
Oletko (sinä) käynyt Suomessa?
111
Have You visited Finland?
Oletteko (te) käynyt Suomessa?
112
Haven't you visited Finland?
Etkö (sinä) ole käynyt Suomessa?
113
I was born in Finland.
Olen syntynyt Suomessa.
114
Had you met Maija before that?
Olitko tavannut Maijan sitä ennen?
115
I had not met her.
En ollut tavannut häntä.
116
Please sit down!
Istu ole hyvä!
117
Listen, how about going for a beer?
Kuule, mitäs arvelet, jos mentäisiin oluelle?
118
Give it to me!
Anna se minulle!
119
To sit/I sit/Sit!
Istua/istun/istu!
120
To give/I give/Give!
Antaa/annan/anna!
121
Give it here! (Sg)
Anna se tänne!
122
Give it here! (Pl)
Antakaa se tänne!
123
Come here!
Tule tänne!
124
Let it be!
Anna ola!
125
Come in the evening!
tule illalla!
126
Don't give!
Älä anna!
127
Be!
Olkaa!
128
Do!
Tehkää!
129
Don't be!
Älkää oliko!
130
Don't do!
Älkää tehko!
131
Don't give it to Pekka! (Sg)
Älä anna sitä Pekalle!
132
Don't give it to Peter! (Pl)
Älkää antako sitä Pekalle!
133
We went to look at some apartments
Menimme katsomaan asuntoja
134
We were looking at some apartments
Olimme katsomassa asuntoja
135
We came from looking at some apartments
Tulimme katsomasta asuntoja
136
Peter asked me to look at some apartments
Pekka pyysi minua katsomaan asuntoja
137
i'll learn/I learned to speak Finnish
Opin puhumaan suomea
138
I went to eat
Menin syömään
139
I came from eating
Tulin syömästä
140
I went to look at some houses
Kävin katsomassa taloja
141
I was reading
Olin lukemassa
142
They are walking
He ovat kävelemässä
143
I asked Pekka to wash the floor
Pyysin Pekan pesemään lattian
144
I taught Pekka to wash the floor.
Opetin Pekan pesemään lattian.
145
I got Pekka to wash the floor.
Sain Pekan pesemään lattian.
146
I made Pekka to wash the floor.
Panin Pekan pesemään lattian.
147
I'll let him/her wash the floor.
Annoin hänen pestä lattian.
148
To learn
Oppia
149
To happen
Sattua
150
To begin
Ruveta
151
To start
Ryhtyä
152
To have to
Joutua
153
To succeed
Onnistua
154
I learned to drive a car.
Opin ajamaan autoa.
155
Do you happen to know Pekka?
Satutko tuntemaan Pekan?
156
It started to rain.
Rupesi satamaan.
157
I'll start to study Finnish.
Ryhdyn opiskelemaan suomea.
158
I had to chair the meeting.
Jouduin johtamaan kokousta.
159
I succeded in getting an apartment.
Onnistuin saamaan asunnon.
160
To refuse
Kieltäytyä
161
To stop
Lakata
162
To avoid
Välttyä
163
I refuse to do it
Kieltäydyn tekemästä sitä
164
It stopped raining
Lakkasi satamasta
165
I avoided meeting him
Vältyin tapaamasta häntä
166
I visit Finland in the fall/summer/winter/spring.
Käyn Suomessa syksyllä/kesällä/talvella/keväällä
167
I drink coffee in the morning.
Juon kahvia aamulla.
168
I drink coffee during the day
Juon kahvia päivällä
169
I drink coffee in the evening
Juon kahvia illalla
170
I drink coffee at night
Juon kahvia yöllä
171
I'll visit there next fall/this winter
Käyn siellä ensi syksynä/tänä talvena
172
I drank coffee this morning/Friday night
Join kahvia tänä aamuna/perjantai-iltana.
173
I'm going to the concert next week
Käyn konsertissa ensi viikolla.
174
I visited Finland last year.
Kävin Suomessa viime vuonna
175
The vacation begins on Saturday.
Loma alkaa lauantaina.
176
I'll visit there this month
Käyn siellä tässä kuussa
177
I'll visit there in August
Käyn siellä elokuussa
178
Every morning I get up at six o'clock
Joka aamu nousen kuudelta
179
I visit Finland every year.
Käyn Suomessa joka vuosi.
180
Which year are you going to Finland?
Minä vuonna menet Suomeen
181
Which month are you going to Finland?
Missä kuussa menet Suomeen?
182
Which week are you going to Finland?
Millä viikolla menet Suomeen?
183
Which day are you going to Finland?
Minä päivänä menet Suomeen?