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Finnish > Unit II Part B Structural Notes > Flashcards

Unit II Part B Structural Notes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the demonstrative pronouns?

A

tämä, tuo, se

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2
Q

this

A

tämä

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3
Q

that

A

tuo

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4
Q

it

A

se

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5
Q

what is this?

A

mikä täma on?

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6
Q

what is that?

A

mika tuo on?

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7
Q

it’s a map of Helsinki

A

se on Helsingin kartta

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8
Q

what are the interrogative pronouns?

A

kuka, mikä

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9
Q

who?

A

kuka?

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10
Q

what?

A

mikä?

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11
Q

which?

A

mikä?

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12
Q

(nominative) who?

A

kuka?

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13
Q

(genitive) who?

A

kenen?

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14
Q

(accusative) who?

A

kenet?

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15
Q

(partitive) who?

A

ketä?

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16
Q

(inessive) who?

A

kenessä/kessä?

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17
Q

(elative) who?

A

kenestä/kestä?

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18
Q

(illative) who?

A

keneen/kehen?

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19
Q

(adessive) who?

A

kenellä/kellä?

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20
Q

(ablative) who?

A

keneltä?/keltä?

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21
Q

(allative) who?

A

kenelle/kelle?

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22
Q

(translative) who?

A

keneksi?

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23
Q

(essive) who?

A

kenenä/kenä

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24
Q

where is there a good restaurant?/where is the good restaurant?

A

missä on hyvä ravintola?/missä se hyvä ravintola on?

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25
Q

there is a good restaurant near the station/it’s near the station

A

aseman lähellä on hyva ravintola/se on aseman lähellä

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26
Q

where is there a map of Helsinki?/where is the map of Helsinki?

A

missä on Helsingin kartta?/missa se Helsingin kartta on?

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27
Q

there is a map of Helsinki over there/It’s over there

A

tuolla on Helsingin kartta/se on tuolla

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28
Q

is there an American newspaper here?/where is the American newspaper?

A

onko täällä Amerikkalainen lehti?/missä se amerikkalainen legti on?

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29
Q

there is a Time right there/it’s right there

A

tuossa on Time/se on tuossa

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30
Q

do you have a map?/is the map with you?

A

onko sinulla kartta?/onko kartta sinulla?

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31
Q

yes, I have a map/yes, it’s with me

A

on, minulla on kartta/on, se on minulla

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32
Q

there’s a map here/there’s no map here

A

täällä on kartta/täällä ei ole karttaa

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33
Q

I have a book/I don’t have a book

A

minulla on kirja/minulla ei ole kirjaa

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34
Q

i’m cold/i’m not cold

A

minulla on kylmä/minulla ei ole kylmä

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35
Q

the boy is at home/the boys are at home

A

poika on kotona/pojat ovat kotona

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36
Q

the man is at work/the men are at work

A

mies on työssä/miehet ovat työssä

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37
Q

a Finn speaks Finnish/Finns speak Finnish

A

suomalainen puhuu Suomea/suomalaiset puhuvat suomea

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38
Q

how do you form a nominative plural word?

A

take the genitive form and replace the genitive ending with -t

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39
Q

my son

A

poikani

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40
Q

my sons

A

poikani

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41
Q

Pekka’s

A

Pekan

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42
Q

Bob’s

A

Bobin

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43
Q

Helsinki’s

A

Helsingin

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44
Q

they are at home with Lisa

A

He ovat kotona Liisan kanssa

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45
Q

Dr. Koivisto’s car is American

A

tohtori koiviston auto on amerikkalainen

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46
Q

my son’s car is black

A

minun poikani auto on musta

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47
Q

how do you form a genitive word

A

add -n to the nom. stem, which is in the weak grade

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48
Q

what is the function of the locative cases

A

they indicate location

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49
Q

ending of motion to

A

illative: -hVn (add vowel + n),
allative: -lle,
ksi/kse

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50
Q

ending of no motion

A

inessive: -ssa/-ssä,
adessive: -lla/llä,
- na/nä

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51
Q

ending of motion from

A

elative: -sta/-stä,
ablative: -lta/-ltä,
- ta/tä, -a/ä

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52
Q

what is the function of the inessive case and how do you form it

A

they indicate in/where, to form, attach -ssa/-ssä to the genitive stem

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53
Q

where are your children?

A

missä lapsenne ovat?

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54
Q

do you still live in a hotel?

A

asutteko vielä hotellissa?

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55
Q

repeat together

A

toistakaa yhdessa

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56
Q

the phone is on this floor

A

puhelin on tässä kerroksessa

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57
Q

they are in America

A

he ovat amerikassa

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58
Q

what is the function of the elative case and how do you form it?

A

it signifies “out of, from”, to form, attach -sta/stä to the genitive stem

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59
Q

where are you from?

A

mistä te olette kotoisin?

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60
Q

from Kansas

A

kansasista

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61
Q

do you need anything from the Post Office?

A

tarvitsetteko mitään postista?

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62
Q

I like coffee

A

minä pidän kahvista

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63
Q

I think it is nice

A

minusta se on mukava

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64
Q

I like coffee/I keep coffee at home

A

minä pidän kahvista/mina pidän kahvia kotona

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65
Q

I speak about Finland/I speak Finnish

A

puhun suomesta/puhun suomea

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66
Q

I think it’s expensive/ it’s expensive for me

A

minusta se on kallis/minulle se on kallis

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67
Q

what is the function of illative cases and how do you form it?

A

it signifies “into”, to form, generally double the vowel of the stem and add n. otherwise add -h first then double vowel and add n. in words ending with -si replace it with -teen

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68
Q

please come in!

A

käykää si sään!

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69
Q

at what time do you get home?

A

mihin aikaan tulette kotiin?

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70
Q

go straight ahead

A

menkä suoraan eteenpäin

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71
Q

I am going to work

A

menen työhön

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72
Q

(illative) evening

A

iltaan

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73
Q

(illative) bank

A

pankkiin

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74
Q

(illative) house

A

taloon

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75
Q

(illative) work/job

A

työhön

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76
Q

(illative) country

A

maahan

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77
Q

(illative) where to

A

mihin

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78
Q

(illative) 20 eggs

A

tiuhun

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79
Q

(illative) floor

A

lattiaan

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80
Q

(illative) ministery

A

ministeriöön

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81
Q

(illative) sweet

A

makeaan

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82
Q

(illative) green

A

vihreään

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83
Q

(illative) water

A

veteen

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84
Q

(illative) west

A

lähteen

85
Q

(illative) two

A

kahteen

86
Q

(illative) child

A

lapseen

87
Q

what is the function of the adessive case, and how do you form an aadessive word?

A

it signifies “on”. to form, add -lla/-llä to the genitive stem

88
Q

we now have a hous of our own

A

mellä on nyt oma talo

89
Q

what is your field?

A

milla alalla te olette?

90
Q

it is there on the table

A

se on tuossa pöydällä

91
Q

what is the function of the ablative case and how to form an ablative word?

A

it signifies “from on” and to form add -lta/-ltä to the genitive stem

92
Q

i’ll take the book from the table

A

otan kirja pöydältä

93
Q

i got a letter from Pekka

A

sain kirjeen Pekalta

94
Q

it starts at nine

A

se alkaa yhdeksälta

95
Q

ask him

A

kysykää häneltä

96
Q

it seems like a long day

A

se tuntuu pitkältä päivältä

97
Q

which words is the ablative case used with?

A

verbs that denote asking, hearing, receiving, taking, buying, or getting something from someone

98
Q

(ablative) ask

A

kysyä

99
Q

(ablative) hear

A

kuulla

100
Q

(ablative) receive

A

ottaa vastaan

101
Q

(ablative) take

A

ottaa

102
Q

(ablative) buy

A

ostaa

103
Q

(ablative) get from me

A

saada minulta

104
Q

it feels

A

tuntuu

105
Q

it seems

A

näyttää

106
Q

it tastes

A

maistuu

107
Q

it sounds

A

kuuluu

108
Q

it smells good

A

tuoksuu hyvältä

109
Q

what is the function of the allative case and how to form a word in the allative tense?

A

it denotes “onto, for, to”. to form, add -lle to the stem

110
Q

turn to the right

A

kääntykää oikealle

111
Q

Pekka goes to Puistokatu

A

Pekka menee Puistokadulle

112
Q

he gives the letter to Miss Saare

A

Han antaa kirjeen neiti saarelle

113
Q

how are you?

A

mitä teille kuuluu?

114
Q

answer me

A

vastaa minulle

115
Q

i’ll call the children

A

soitan lapsille

116
Q

what questions does the allative case answer?

A

to whom? to what? where to?

117
Q

(allative) answer

A

vastata

118
Q

(allative) speak

A

puhua

119
Q

(allative) teach

A

opettaa

120
Q

(allative) phone

A

soittaa

121
Q

(allative) give

A

antaa

122
Q

i’ll ask the teacher

A

kysyn opettajalta

123
Q

how are you

A

mitä teille kuuluu?

124
Q

i’ll answer him

A

vastaan hänelle

125
Q

i’ll call Lisa

A

soitaan Liisalle

126
Q

I’ll ask the office

A

kysyn toimistosta

127
Q

how is Helsinki?

A

mitä Helsinkiin kuuluu?

128
Q

I’ll answer the phone

A

vastaan puhelimeen

129
Q

E.T calls home

A

E.T soittaa kotiin

130
Q

I heard it from you

A

kuulin sen sinulta

131
Q

I’ll write to you

A

kirjoitan sinulle

132
Q

we have an elevator

A

meillä on hissi

133
Q

we have a president

A

meillä on presidentti

134
Q

i heard it on the radio

A

kuulin sen radiosta

135
Q

i’ll write to the embassy

A

kirjoitan lähetystöön

136
Q

the house has an elevator

A

talossa on hissi

137
Q

Finland has a president

A

suomessa on presidentti

138
Q

case of into vs onto

A

into is illative, -Vn

onto is allative, -lle

139
Q

case of “to the store” vs “from the store”

A

illative, elative

140
Q

case of “in” vs “at”

A

inessive, adessive

141
Q

case of “from the store” vs “from Stockmans”

A

elative, ablative

142
Q

this is my son

A

tämä on poikani (nom)

143
Q

this is a son

A

tämä on poika (nom)

144
Q

this is my daughter

A

tämä on tyttäreni (nom)

145
Q

this is a daughter

A

tämä on tytär (nom)

146
Q

meet our son

A

tavatkaa poikamme (nom/acc)

147
Q

meet the son

A

tavatkaa poika (nom/acc)

148
Q

meet our daughter

A

tavatkaa tyttäremme (nom/acc)

149
Q

meet the daughter

A

tavatkaa tytär (nom/acc)

150
Q

your sons name is risto

A

poikasi nimi on risto (gen)

151
Q

the boys name is risto

A

pojan nimi on risto (gen)

152
Q

your daughters name is liisa

A

tyttäresi nimi on liisa (gen)

153
Q

the daughters name is liisa

A

tyttären nimi on liisa (gen)

154
Q

i see his/her son

A

näenhänen poikansa (gen/acc)

155
Q

i see the son

A

näen pojan (gen/acc)

156
Q

i see his/her daughter

A

näen hänen tyttärensä (gen/acc)

157
Q

i see the daughter

A

näen tyttären (gen/acc)

158
Q

all their sons are coming

A

kaikki heidän poikansa tulevat (nom)

159
Q

all the sons are coming

A

kaikki pojat tulevat (nom)

160
Q

all ther daughters are coming

A

kaikki heidän tyttärensä tulevat (nom)

161
Q

all daughters are coming

A

kaikki tyttäret tulevat (nom)

162
Q

i see all your sons

A

näen kaikki poikanne (nom/acc)

163
Q

i see all the sons

A

näen kaikki pojat (nom/acc)

164
Q

i see all your daughters

A

näen kaikki tyttärenne (nom/acc)

165
Q

i see all the daughters

A

näen kaikki tyttäret (nom/acc)

166
Q

i believe the son/i believe in my son

A

uskon poikaan/uskon poikaani (ill.)

167
Q

i believe in the daughter/i believe in my daughter

A

uskon tyttäreen/uskon tyttäreeni (ill.)

168
Q

he likes his son

A

hän pitää pojastaan

169
Q

ill call his son

A

sotan hänen pojalleen

170
Q

i consider pekka his son

A

pidän pekkaa hänen poikanaan

171
Q

i thought pekka was his son

A

luulin pekkaa hänen pojakseen

172
Q

i admired her husband

A

ihailin hänen miestään

173
Q

i waited for his son

A

odotin hänen poikaansa

174
Q

there’s a good view from here

A

täältä on hyvä näköala

175
Q

is there a map of Finland here as well?

A

onko täällä myös suomen kartta?

176
Q

there’s a good map over there on the wall

A

tuolla seinällä on hyvä kartta

177
Q

right here is the suomen kuvalehti

A

tässä on suomen kuvalehti

178
Q

it’s right there on the table

A

se on tuossa pöydällä

179
Q

is Helskinki in Finland?

A

onko Helsinki suomessa?

180
Q

yes, it is there

A

on, se on siellä

181
Q

right here

A

motion to: tähän
no motion: tässä
motion from: tästä

182
Q

right there

A

motion to: tuohon
no motion: tuossa
motion from: tuosta

183
Q

right there (previously mentioned)

A

motion to: siihen
no motion: siinä
motion from: siitä

184
Q

where? (small area)

A

motion to: mihin
no motion: missä
motion from: mistä

185
Q

here

A

motion to: tänne
no motion: täällä
motion from: täältä

186
Q

there

A

motion to: tuonne
no motion: tuolla
motion from: tuolta

187
Q

there (previously mentioned)

A

motion to: sinne
no motion: siellä
motion from: sieltä

188
Q

where? (large area)

A

motion to: minne
no motion: missä
motion from: mistä

189
Q

how do you determine which “here/there” case to use?

A

it is determined by the size area and motion

190
Q

it’s here/it’s right here

A

se on täällä/se on tässä

191
Q

it’s over there/it’s right there

A

se on tuolla/se on tuossa

192
Q

put it right here/put it right there

A

pankaa se tähan/pankaa se tuohon

193
Q

i found it right here

A

löysin sen tästä

194
Q

what are the numbers from one to twelve

A

yksi, kaksi, kolme, nelja, viisi, kuusi, seitseman, kahdeksan, yhdeksän, kymmenen. yksitoista, kaksitoista

195
Q

20, 30, 21

A

kaksikymmentä, kolmekymmentä, kaksikymmentäyksi

196
Q

100, 200, 101

A

sata, kaksisataa, satayksi

197
Q

1000, 2000

A

tuhat, kaksituhatta

198
Q

1 mil, 2 mil

A

miljoona, kaksi miljoonaa

199
Q

1 bil, 5 bil

A

miljardi, viisimiljardia

200
Q

to sit/sit!

A

istua/istukaa

201
Q

to do/do!

A

tehdä/tehkää

202
Q

to go/go!

A

menaä/menkää

203
Q

to rise/rise!

A

nousta/nouskaa

204
Q

to be/be!

A

olla/olkaa

205
Q

to bite/bite!

A

purra/purkaa

206
Q

to answer/answer!

A

vastata/vastatkaa

207
Q

to open/open!

A

avata/avatkaa

208
Q

to meet/meet!

A

tavata/tavatkaa

209
Q

to promise/promise!

A

luvata/luvatkaa

Finnish (10 decks)

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