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Finnish > Unit III Part B: Structural Notes > Flashcards

Unit III Part B: Structural Notes Flashcards

1
Q

partitive singular for “some part of” case ending

A

-a/-ä, -ta/-tä

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2
Q

good day

A

hyvää päivää

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3
Q

would you like some coffee?

A

saako olla kahvia?

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4
Q

i waited for the elevator for 10 minutes

A

odotin hissiä 10 minuuttia

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5
Q

the coffee is hot

A

kahvi on kuumaa

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6
Q

i would drink some tea

A

juon teetä

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7
Q

well, if there’s some beer

A

no, jos on olutta

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8
Q

how to form words in the partitive case?

A

attach -a/-ä, -ta/-tä to the strong grade nominative

if the word ends in -e or in a consonant, then attach the ending to the weak grade

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9
Q

(partitive) good

A

hyvää

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10
Q

(partitive) coffee

A

kahvia

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11
Q

(partitive) elevator

A

hissiä

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12
Q

(partitive) day

A

päivää

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13
Q

(partitive) hot

A

kuumaa

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14
Q

(partitive) floor

A

lattiaa/ta

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15
Q

(partitive) kitchen

A

keitiöä/tä

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16
Q

(partitive) radio

A

radio/ta

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17
Q

(partitive) tea

A

teetä

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18
Q

(partitive) beer

A

olutta

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19
Q

(partitive) beautiful

A

kaunista

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20
Q

(partitive) butter

A

voita

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21
Q

(partitive) worst

A

pahinta

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22
Q

(partitive) family

A

perhettä

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23
Q

(partitive) paragraph/piece

A

kappaletta

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24
Q

when should you use the partitive case?

A 
to express "some" or "any"
in greetings
as the object in negative sentences
with cardinal numbers as subject or object
with verbs expressing emotion
with verbs indicating frequent action
with certain other verbs
to indicate ongoing action
if theres a doubt about the outcome of an action
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25
Q

to love

A

rakastaa

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26
Q

to hate

A

vihata

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27
Q

to admire

A

ihailla

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28
Q

to envy

A

kadehtia

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29
Q

to despise

A

halveksia

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30
Q

to detest

A

inhota

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31
Q

to watch

A

katsella

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32
Q

to practice

A

harjoitella

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33
Q

to listen

A

kuunnella

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34
Q

to study

A

opiskella

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35
Q

to think

A

ajatella

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36
Q

to prepare

A

valmistella

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37
Q

to wait

A

odottaa

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38
Q

to help

A

auttaa

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39
Q

to disturb

A

häiritä

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40
Q

to look at

A

katsoa

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41
Q

i am buying a book

A

ostan nyt kirjaa

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42
Q

i am waiting for some mail from America

A

odotan postia amerikasta

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43
Q

mikä tämä on? (count nouns: nominative)

A

what is this?

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44
Q

it’s a bottle/the bottle is good

A

se on pullo/pullo on hyvä

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45
Q

it’s a glass/the glass is new

A

se on lasi/lasi on uusi

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46
Q

it’s a cake/the cake is delicious

A

se on kakku/kakku on herkullinen

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47
Q

what is this? (mass nouns: partitive)

A

mitä tämä on?

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48
Q

it’s water/water is cold

A

se on vettä/vesi on kylmää

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49
Q

it’s beer/beer is good

A

se on olutta/olut on hyvää

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50
Q

it’s cake/ the cake is delicious

A

se on kakkua/kakku on herkullista

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51
Q

what is the glass like?

A

minkälainen lasi on?

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52
Q

what is water like?

A

minkälaista vesi on?

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53
Q

the beer is cold

A

olut on kylmää

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54
Q

is the glass clean?

A

onko lasi puhdas?

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55
Q

____are in the singular after “ei ole”

A

predicate noun and adjective

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56
Q

there is no change in ____/____ when sentence negation occurs

A

preducate noun and adjective

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57
Q

this is a car/this is not a car

A

tämä on auto/tämä ei ole auto

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58
Q

that’s coffee/that’s not coffee

A

tuo on kahvia/tuo ei ole kahvia

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59
Q

that’s a hot bottle/that’s not a hot bottle

A

se on kuuma pullo/se ei ole kuuma pullo

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60
Q

how to form the accusative for personal pronouns and “kuka”?

A

replace the genitive ending with t

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61
Q

whom do you know?

A

kenet tunnet?

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62
Q

pekka knows me, you, him, her, us, You, them

A

pekka tuntee minut, sinut, hänet, hänet, meidät, teidät, heidät

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63
Q

how to form the accusative for singular nouns?

A

add n to ending

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64
Q

i know pekka

A

tunnen pekan

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65
Q

i will buy a car

A

ostan auton

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66
Q

buy a car!

A

ostakaa auto!

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67
Q

how to form the accusative for plural nouns

A

it’s the same as the nominative plural

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68
Q

we met the boys in a cafe

A

tapasimme pojat kahvilassa

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69
Q

total object vs partial object

A

total: uses “the”, “a”, a whole of something, will do something
partial: uses “some”, “a”, etc…, a part of something, is doing something

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70
Q

do you know bob wilson?

A

tunnetteko bob wilsonin?

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71
Q

could i have a dry martini?

A

saisinko kuivan marinin?

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72
Q

read chapter three at home

A

lukekaa kotona luku kolme

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73
Q

breakfast is served in the dining room

A

aamiainen tarjoillaan ruokasalissa

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74
Q

i must mail the letter

A

minun täytyy panna kirje postiin

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75
Q

i know him

A

tunnen hänet

76
Q

i already had some sandwich cake

A

otin jo voileipäkakkua

77
Q

could i have some water?

A

saisinko vettä

78
Q

i don’t know bob wilson

A

en tunne bob wilsonia

79
Q

breakfast is not served on sundays

A

aamiaista ei tarjoilla sunnuntaina

80
Q

i don’t have to mail the letter

A

minun ei tarvitse lähettää kirjettä

81
Q

don’t close the door!

A

älä sulje ovea!

82
Q

i don’t know him/her

A

en tunne häntä

83
Q

i’ll buy the bread

A

ostan leivän

84
Q

i’ll read a/the paper

A

luen lehden

85
Q

i’ll buy some bread

A

ostan leipää

86
Q

i am reading a/the paper

A

luen lehteä

87
Q

when to use and how to form a partial object

A

use the partitive case (when the action of the verb affects the object only partially, the action is incomplete)

88
Q

when to use and how to form a total object?

A

(use when the action of the verb affects the object entirely, the action is complete). use for:

  1. genitive-like accusatives
  2. nominative-like accusatives
  3. accusative singulars for personal pronouns and who
89
Q

when to form total object with nominative like:

A 
with 1st and 2nd person imperative,
as the plural total object
in the passive voice
as the object of the i infinitive
with "must", "have to"
90
Q

i’ll read a/the paper

A

luen lehden

91
Q

read the paper, pekka

A

lue lehti, pekka

92
Q

read the paper, boys

A

lukekaa lehti, pojat

93
Q

let’s read the paper

A

Lukekaamme lehti

94
Q

i’ll read the papers

A

luen lehdet

95
Q

the papers will be read

A

lehden luetaan

96
Q

read the papers

A

lue lehdet

97
Q

the papers have been read

A

lehdet on luettu

98
Q

the papers will be read

A

Lehdet luetaan

99
Q

it’s nice to read a new paper

A

on mukava lukea uusi lehti

100
Q

i must read the paper

A

minun täytyy lukea

101
Q

he has read the paper

A

hänen pitää lukea lehti

102
Q

how to form total object

A

it’s always in the partitive, partitive forms are regular

103
Q

i won’t read the paper

A

en lue lehteä

104
Q

don’t read the paper

A

älä lue lehteä

105
Q

the paper won’t be read

A

lehteä ei lueta

106
Q

papers won’t be read

A

lehtiä ei lueta

107
Q

whom doesn’t pekka know?

A

ketä pekka ei tunne?

108
Q

pekka doesn’t know…me, you him/her, us, You, them

A

pekka ei tunne…minua, sinua, häntä, meitä, teitä, heitä

109
Q

on what street is the post office?

A

millä kadulla posti on?

110
Q

is it on this street?

A

onko se tällä kadulla?

111
Q

no, it’s on that street

A

ei ole, se on tuolla kadulla

112
Q

my office is also on that street

A

toimistoni on myös sillä kadulla

113
Q

what/which (nom)

A

mikä

114
Q

what/which (gen)

A

minkä

115
Q

what/which (part)

A

mitä

116
Q

what/which (iness)

A

missä

117
Q

what/which (elat)

A

mistä

118
Q

what/which (illat)

A

mihin

119
Q

what/which (adess)

A

millä

120
Q

what/which (ablat)

A

miltä

121
Q

what/which (allat)

A

mille

122
Q

what/which (essive)

A

minä

123
Q

what/which (transl)

A

miksi

124
Q

this (nom)

A

tämä

125
Q

this (gen)

A

tämän

126
Q

this (part)

A

tätä

127
Q

this (iness)

A

tässä

128
Q

this (elat)

A

tästä

129
Q

this (illat)

A

tähän

130
Q

this (adess)

A

tällä

131
Q

this (ablat)

A

tältä

132
Q

this (allat)

A

tälle

133
Q

this (essive)

A

tänä

134
Q

this (transl)

A

täksi

135
Q

that (nom)

A

tuo

136
Q

that (gen)

A

tuon

137
Q

that (part)

A

tuota

138
Q

that (iness)

A

tuossa

139
Q

that (elat)

A

tuosta

140
Q

that (illat)

A

tuohon

141
Q

that (adess)

A

tuolla

142
Q

that (ablat)

A

tuolta

143
Q

that (allat)

A

tuolle

144
Q

that (essive)

A

tuona

145
Q

that (transl)

A

tuoksi

146
Q

it/the (nom)

A

se

147
Q

it/the (gen)

A

sen

148
Q

it/the (part)

A

sitä

149
Q

it/the (iness)

A

siinä

150
Q

it/the (elat)

A

siitä

151
Q

it/the (illat)

A

siihen

152
Q

it/the (adess)

A

sillä

153
Q

it/the (ablat)

A

siltä

154
Q

it/the (allat)

A

sille

155
Q

it/the (essive)

A

sinä

156
Q

it/the (transl)

A

siksi

157
Q

when is “se” used?

A
  1. to answer a -ko/kö question
  2. to refer back to a noun that’s already been mentioned
  3. when followed by a relative clause
158
Q

do you like that house? i like it.

A

pidätkö tuosta talosta? pidän siitä

159
Q

tuossako kioskissa vaihdetaan valuuttaa?

A

siina.

160
Q

halvaisin tuota kahvia

A

minäkin otan sitä

161
Q

first infinitive of verbs

A

the basic form of verbs

162
Q

may i introduce?

A

saanko esitellä?

163
Q

nice to meet you

A

hauska tavata

164
Q

can i call from here?

A

voinko soittaa täältä?

165
Q

would you like to taste “table” beer?

A

haluaisitteko maistaa pöytäkaljaa?

166
Q

how to form the first infinitive?

A

two different endings used to denote “to”:

  1. a/ä
  2. da/dä
  3. ta/tä (after s only)
167
Q

to taste

A

maistaa

168
Q

to reside

A

asua

169
Q

to drink

A

juoda

170
Q

to be able to

A

voida

171
Q

to get

A

saada

172
Q

to take

A

viedä

173
Q

to eat

A

syödä

174
Q

how to add da/dä in words that have l/r/n?

A

the “d” in da/dä is assimilated with the l/r/n

175
Q

to come

A

tulda

176
Q

to put

A

panda

177
Q

to bite

A

purda

178
Q

to introduce

A

esiteldä

179
Q

to listen

A

kuunnelda

180
Q

to study

A

opiskelda

181
Q

to get up

A

nousta

182
Q

to wash

A

pestä

183
Q

to promise

A

luvata

184
Q

to meet

A

tavata

185
Q

if a verb ends in a vowel and ta/tä

A

only the a/ä is the infinitive ending and t is part of the stem

Finnish (10 decks)

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