Unit III Part B: Structural Notes Flashcards
1
Q
partitive singular for “some part of” case ending
A
-a/-ä, -ta/-tä
2
Q
good day
A
hyvää päivää
3
Q
would you like some coffee?
A
saako olla kahvia?
4
Q
i waited for the elevator for 10 minutes
A
odotin hissiä 10 minuuttia
5
Q
the coffee is hot
A
kahvi on kuumaa
6
Q
i would drink some tea
A
juon teetä
7
Q
well, if there’s some beer
A
no, jos on olutta
8
Q
how to form words in the partitive case?
A
attach -a/-ä, -ta/-tä to the strong grade nominative
if the word ends in -e or in a consonant, then attach the ending to the weak grade
9
Q
(partitive) good
A
hyvää
10
Q
(partitive) coffee
A
kahvia
11
Q
(partitive) elevator
A
hissiä
12
Q
(partitive) day
A
päivää
13
Q
(partitive) hot
A
kuumaa
14
Q
(partitive) floor
A
lattiaa/ta
15
Q
(partitive) kitchen
A
keitiöä/tä
16
Q
(partitive) radio
A
radio/ta
17
Q
(partitive) tea
A
teetä
18
Q
(partitive) beer
A
olutta
19
Q
(partitive) beautiful
A
kaunista
20
Q
(partitive) butter
A
voita
21
Q
(partitive) worst
A
pahinta
22
Q
(partitive) family
A
perhettä
23
Q
(partitive) paragraph/piece
A
kappaletta
24
Q
when should you use the partitive case?
A
to express "some" or "any" in greetings as the object in negative sentences with cardinal numbers as subject or object with verbs expressing emotion with verbs indicating frequent action with certain other verbs to indicate ongoing action if theres a doubt about the outcome of an action
25
to love
rakastaa
26
to hate
vihata
27
to admire
ihailla
28
to envy
kadehtia
29
to despise
halveksia
30
to detest
inhota
31
to watch
katsella
32
to practice
harjoitella
33
to listen
kuunnella
34
to study
opiskella
35
to think
ajatella
36
to prepare
valmistella
37
to wait
odottaa
38
to help
auttaa
39
to disturb
häiritä
40
to look at
katsoa
41
i am buying a book
ostan nyt kirjaa
42
i am waiting for some mail from America
odotan postia amerikasta
43
mikä tämä on? (count nouns: nominative)
what is this?
44
it's a bottle/the bottle is good
se on pullo/pullo on hyvä
45
it's a glass/the glass is new
se on lasi/lasi on uusi
46
it's a cake/the cake is delicious
se on kakku/kakku on herkullinen
47
what is this? (mass nouns: partitive)
mitä tämä on?
48
it's water/water is cold
se on vettä/vesi on kylmää
49
it's beer/beer is good
se on olutta/olut on hyvää
50
it's cake/ the cake is delicious
se on kakkua/kakku on herkullista
51
what is the glass like?
minkälainen lasi on?
52
what is water like?
minkälaista vesi on?
53
the beer is cold
olut on kylmää
54
is the glass clean?
onko lasi puhdas?
55
____are in the singular after "ei ole"
predicate noun and adjective
56
there is no change in ____/____ when sentence negation occurs
preducate noun and adjective
57
this is a car/this is not a car
tämä on auto/tämä ei ole auto
58
that's coffee/that's not coffee
tuo on kahvia/tuo ei ole kahvia
59
that's a hot bottle/that's not a hot bottle
se on kuuma pullo/se ei ole kuuma pullo
60
how to form the accusative for personal pronouns and "kuka"?
replace the genitive ending with t
61
whom do you know?
kenet tunnet?
62
pekka knows me, you, him, her, us, You, them
pekka tuntee minut, sinut, hänet, hänet, meidät, teidät, heidät
63
how to form the accusative for singular nouns?
add n to ending
64
i know pekka
tunnen pekan
65
i will buy a car
ostan auton
66
buy a car!
ostakaa auto!
67
how to form the accusative for plural nouns
it's the same as the nominative plural
68
we met the boys in a cafe
tapasimme pojat kahvilassa
69
total object vs partial object
total: uses "the", "a", a whole of something, will do something
partial: uses "some", "a", etc..., a part of something, is doing something
70
do you know bob wilson?
tunnetteko bob wilsonin?
71
could i have a dry martini?
saisinko kuivan marinin?
72
read chapter three at home
lukekaa kotona luku kolme
73
breakfast is served in the dining room
aamiainen tarjoillaan ruokasalissa
74
i must mail the letter
minun täytyy panna kirje postiin
75
i know him
tunnen hänet
76
i already had some sandwich cake
otin jo voileipäkakkua
77
could i have some water?
saisinko vettä
78
i don't know bob wilson
en tunne bob wilsonia
79
breakfast is not served on sundays
aamiaista ei tarjoilla sunnuntaina
80
i don't have to mail the letter
minun ei tarvitse lähettää kirjettä
81
don't close the door!
älä sulje ovea!
82
i don't know him/her
en tunne häntä
83
i'll buy the bread
ostan leivän
84
i'll read a/the paper
luen lehden
85
i'll buy some bread
ostan leipää
86
i am reading a/the paper
luen lehteä
87
when to use and how to form a partial object
use the partitive case (when the action of the verb affects the object only partially, the action is incomplete)
88
when to use and how to form a total object?
(use when the action of the verb affects the object entirely, the action is complete). use for:
1. genitive-like accusatives
2. nominative-like accusatives
3. accusative singulars for personal pronouns and who
89
when to form total object with nominative like:
```
with 1st and 2nd person imperative,
as the plural total object
in the passive voice
as the object of the i infinitive
with "must", "have to"
```
90
i'll read a/the paper
luen lehden
91
read the paper, pekka
lue lehti, pekka
92
read the paper, boys
lukekaa lehti, pojat
93
let's read the paper
Lukekaamme lehti
94
i'll read the papers
luen lehdet
95
the papers will be read
lehden luetaan
96
read the papers
lue lehdet
97
the papers have been read
lehdet on luettu
98
the papers will be read
Lehdet luetaan
99
it's nice to read a new paper
on mukava lukea uusi lehti
100
i must read the paper
minun täytyy lukea
101
he has read the paper
hänen pitää lukea lehti
102
how to form total object
it's always in the partitive, partitive forms are regular
103
i won't read the paper
en lue lehteä
104
don't read the paper
älä lue lehteä
105
the paper won't be read
lehteä ei lueta
106
papers won't be read
lehtiä ei lueta
107
whom doesn't pekka know?
ketä pekka ei tunne?
108
pekka doesn't know...me, you him/her, us, You, them
pekka ei tunne...minua, sinua, häntä, meitä, teitä, heitä
109
on what street is the post office?
millä kadulla posti on?
110
is it on this street?
onko se tällä kadulla?
111
no, it's on that street
ei ole, se on tuolla kadulla
112
my office is also on that street
toimistoni on myös sillä kadulla
113
what/which (nom)
mikä
114
what/which (gen)
minkä
115
what/which (part)
mitä
116
what/which (iness)
missä
117
what/which (elat)
mistä
118
what/which (illat)
mihin
119
what/which (adess)
millä
120
what/which (ablat)
miltä
121
what/which (allat)
mille
122
what/which (essive)
minä
123
what/which (transl)
miksi
124
this (nom)
tämä
125
this (gen)
tämän
126
this (part)
tätä
127
this (iness)
tässä
128
this (elat)
tästä
129
this (illat)
tähän
130
this (adess)
tällä
131
this (ablat)
tältä
132
this (allat)
tälle
133
this (essive)
tänä
134
this (transl)
täksi
135
that (nom)
tuo
136
that (gen)
tuon
137
that (part)
tuota
138
that (iness)
tuossa
139
that (elat)
tuosta
140
that (illat)
tuohon
141
that (adess)
tuolla
142
that (ablat)
tuolta
143
that (allat)
tuolle
144
that (essive)
tuona
145
that (transl)
tuoksi
146
it/the (nom)
se
147
it/the (gen)
sen
148
it/the (part)
sitä
149
it/the (iness)
siinä
150
it/the (elat)
siitä
151
it/the (illat)
siihen
152
it/the (adess)
sillä
153
it/the (ablat)
siltä
154
it/the (allat)
sille
155
it/the (essive)
sinä
156
it/the (transl)
siksi
157
when is "se" used?
1. to answer a -ko/kö question
2. to refer back to a noun that's already been mentioned
3. when followed by a relative clause
158
do you like that house? i like it.
pidätkö tuosta talosta? pidän siitä
159
tuossako kioskissa vaihdetaan valuuttaa?
siina.
160
halvaisin tuota kahvia
minäkin otan sitä
161
first infinitive of verbs
the basic form of verbs
162
may i introduce?
saanko esitellä?
163
nice to meet you
hauska tavata
164
can i call from here?
voinko soittaa täältä?
165
would you like to taste "table" beer?
haluaisitteko maistaa pöytäkaljaa?
166
how to form the first infinitive?
two different endings used to denote "to":
1. a/ä
2. da/dä
3. ta/tä (after s only)
167
to taste
maistaa
168
to reside
asua
169
to drink
juoda
170
to be able to
voida
171
to get
saada
172
to take
viedä
173
to eat
syödä
174
how to add da/dä in words that have l/r/n?
the "d" in da/dä is assimilated with the l/r/n
175
to come
tulda
176
to put
panda
177
to bite
purda
178
to introduce
esiteldä
179
to listen
kuunnelda
180
to study
opiskelda
181
to get up
nousta
182
to wash
pestä
183
to promise
luvata
184
to meet
tavata
185
if a verb ends in a vowel and ta/tä
only the a/ä is the infinitive ending and t is part of the stem
