Unit I Part B: Structural Notes Flashcards
I, you, he, she,
it, we, you, they
minä, sina, hän, hän
se, me, te, he or ne
I
minä
you
sinä
he, she
hän
it
se
we
me
You
te
they
he, ne
(colloquial) I, you
ma, sa
(colloquial) I
ma
(colloquial) you
sa
I reside
minä asun
you reside
sinä asut
he resides, she resides
hän asuu
we reside
me asumme
You reside
te asutte
they reside
he asuvat
What are the present tense affirmatives for “reside” for all personal pronouns?
minä asun sinä asut hän asuu me asumme te asutte he asuvat
What are the two groups of cases?
local and non-local
what are the local cases?
inessive, elative, illative, adessive, ablative, and allative
what are the non-local cases?
nominative, genitive, accusative, partitive, etc…
which nominals appear in different cases?
nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and numerals
what is the nominative case?
the basic word is in the nominative. It is the subject, actor, or name of something
what is the genitive case?
it indicates posession
what is the acussative case?
it indicates that the nominative is the object or recipient of the action of the verb
what is the partitive case?
it indicates only a part of the object
what is the allative case?
it indicates “towards the surface of something” or “to the recipient of something”
to me
minulle
to you
sinulle
to him, to her
hänelle
to us
meille
to You
teille
to them
heille
What are the allative cases for all personal pronouns?
minulle, sinulle, hänelle, meille, teille, heille
(colloquial) to me
mulle
(colloquial) to you
sulle
What are the allative cases for the colloquial personal pronouns to me and to you?
mulle, sulle
how are you?
mitä sinulle, teille kuuluu?
I´m fine
minulle kuuluu hyvää
this is for him, this is for her
tämä on hänelle
who is this for?
kenelle tämä on?
this is for you
tämä on teille
what is the structure for using the allative case
add -lle to the end of a word
what is the structure for using “to have”?
add -lla/llä + on + nominative
I have
minulla on
you have
sinulla on
he has, she has
hänella on
we have
meillä on
You have
teillä on
they have
heillä on
what is the case structure for “don’t have”?
add +lla/llä + ei ole + part
I don’t have
minulla ei ole
you don’t have
sinulla ei ole
he doesn’t have, she doesn’t have
hänella ei ole
we don’t have
meillä ei ole
You don’t have
teillä ei ole
they don’t have
heillä ei ole
what is the case structure for the question for of have?
add +onko +lla/llä +nominative
do you have…?
onko sinulla…?
does he have, does she have?
onko hänellä…?
do You have…?
onko teillä…?
do they have…?
onko heillä…?
what is the case structure for “don’t have?”?
add +eikö +lla/llä +ole +part
you don’t have…?
eikö sinulla ole…?
he doesn’t have, she doesn’t have?
eikö hänellä ole…?
You don’t have…?
eikö teillä ole…?
they don’t have…?
eikö heillä ole…?
mine
minun
yours
sinun
his, hers
hänen
ours
meidän
Yours
teidän
theirs
heidän
what are all the possessive pronouns?
minun, sinun, hänen, meidän, teidän, heidän
whose?
kenen?
what are the endings for possessive words?
-ni, -si, -nsa/nsä, -mme, nne, nsa
my car
autoni
your car
autosi
his car, her car
autonsa/ä
our car
automme
Your car
autonne
their car
autonsa
I don’t
minä en
you don’t
sinä et
he doesn’t, she doesn’t
han ei
we don’t
me emme
You don’t
te ette
they don’t
he eivät
not
ei
where is the placement of not (ei) in a sentence?
before the main verb
to be
olla
I am
minä olen
you are
sinä olet
he is, she is
hän on
we are
me olemme
You are
te olette
they are
he ovat
(col.) I am
mä on
(col.) you are
sä oot
(col.) he is, she is
se on
(col.) we are
me ollaan
(col.) You are
te ootte
(col.) they are
he on
I am not
minä en ole
you’re not
sinä et ole
he is not, she is not
hän ei ole
we are not
me emme ole
You are not
te ette ole
they are not
he eivät ole
(col.) I’m not
mä en oo
(col.) you’re not
sä et oo
(col.) he is not, she is not
se ei oo
(col.) we are not
me ei olla
(col.) You are not
te ette oo
(col.) they are not
ne ei oo
am I?
olenko minä?
are you?
oletko sinä?
is he? is she?
onko hän?
is it?
onko se?
are we?
olemmeko me?
are You?
oletteko te?
are they?
ovatko he? ovatko ne?
(col.) am I?
oonks mä?
(col.) are you?
ooksä, ootsä?
(col.) is he? is she? is it?
onkse?
(col.) are we?
ollaanks me?
(col.) are You?
ootteks te?
(col.) are they?
onks ne?
how is a “ko/kö” phrase formed?
verb + personal ending + ko/kö + subject
would you like to sit?
haluaisitteko isua?
wouldn’t you like to sit?
ettekö haluaisi istua?
is Pekka coming to school?
tuleeko Pekka kouluun?
isn’t Pekka coming to school?
eikö Pekka tule kouluun?
are we going home?
menemmekö kottin?
aren’t we going home?
emmekö mene kotiin?
wouldn’t you like?
haluaisitteko?
wouldn’t?
ettekö?
coming…?
tuleeko?
isn’t?
eikö…?
are we going…?
menemmekö…?
aren’t we…?
emmekö…?
how is a negatie-question phrase formed?
negative verb + personal ending + kö + subject + main verb
we have…
meillä on…
we don’t (have)
ei ole
yes they do
kyllä uskon
no i don’t
en usko
yes they do
vielä
not any more
eivät enää
what words do you begin a question with?
with the words mikä, missä, miten, kuka…
what?
mikä?
where?
missä
how?
miten?
who?
kuka?
what are 3 ways to form a question?
- begin with an interrogative word 2. add the ko/kö suffix 3. add ko/kö to the first word of the question
what is the word order in a sentence?
subject, verb, object
Tehän olette armeijassa, eikö niin?
you’re in the military aren’t you?
kiitos, siinähän se menee
not so bad, thanks
olethan
yes you are
what is the word order in ko/kö questions?
verb, subject, object
what is the word order in normal questions?
interrogative word, subject, verb, object
