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Finnish > Unit I Part B: Structural Notes > Flashcards

Unit I Part B: Structural Notes Flashcards

1
Q

I, you, he, she,

it, we, you, they

A

minä, sina, hän, hän

se, me, te, he or ne

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2
Q

I

A

minä

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3
Q

you

A

sinä

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4
Q

he, she

A

hän

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5
Q

it

A

se

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6
Q

we

A

me

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7
Q

You

A

te

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8
Q

they

A

he, ne

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9
Q

(colloquial) I, you

A

ma, sa

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10
Q

(colloquial) I

A

ma

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11
Q

(colloquial) you

A

sa

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12
Q

I reside

A

minä asun

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13
Q

you reside

A

sinä asut

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14
Q

he resides, she resides

A

hän asuu

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15
Q

we reside

A

me asumme

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16
Q

You reside

A

te asutte

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17
Q

they reside

A

he asuvat

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18
Q

What are the present tense affirmatives for “reside” for all personal pronouns?

A 
minä asun
sinä asut
hän asuu
me asumme
te asutte
he asuvat
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19
Q

What are the two groups of cases?

A

local and non-local

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20
Q

what are the local cases?

A

inessive, elative, illative, adessive, ablative, and allative

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21
Q

what are the non-local cases?

A

nominative, genitive, accusative, partitive, etc…

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22
Q

which nominals appear in different cases?

A

nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and numerals

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23
Q

what is the nominative case?

A

the basic word is in the nominative. It is the subject, actor, or name of something

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24
Q

what is the genitive case?

A

it indicates posession

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25
Q

what is the acussative case?

A

it indicates that the nominative is the object or recipient of the action of the verb

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26
Q

what is the partitive case?

A

it indicates only a part of the object

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27
Q

what is the allative case?

A

it indicates “towards the surface of something” or “to the recipient of something”

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28
Q

to me

A

minulle

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29
Q

to you

A

sinulle

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30
Q

to him, to her

A

hänelle

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31
Q

to us

A

meille

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32
Q

to You

A

teille

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33
Q

to them

A

heille

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34
Q

What are the allative cases for all personal pronouns?

A

minulle, sinulle, hänelle, meille, teille, heille

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35
Q

(colloquial) to me

A

mulle

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36
Q

(colloquial) to you

A

sulle

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37
Q

What are the allative cases for the colloquial personal pronouns to me and to you?

A

mulle, sulle

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38
Q

how are you?

A

mitä sinulle, teille kuuluu?

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39
Q

I´m fine

A

minulle kuuluu hyvää

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40
Q

this is for him, this is for her

A

tämä on hänelle

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41
Q

who is this for?

A

kenelle tämä on?

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42
Q

this is for you

A

tämä on teille

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43
Q

what is the structure for using the allative case

A

add -lle to the end of a word

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44
Q

what is the structure for using “to have”?

A

add -lla/llä + on + nominative

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45
Q

I have

A

minulla on

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46
Q

you have

A

sinulla on

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47
Q

he has, she has

A

hänella on

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48
Q

we have

A

meillä on

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49
Q

You have

A

teillä on

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50
Q

they have

A

heillä on

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51
Q

what is the case structure for “don’t have”?

A

add +lla/llä + ei ole + part

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52
Q

I don’t have

A

minulla ei ole

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53
Q

you don’t have

A

sinulla ei ole

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54
Q

he doesn’t have, she doesn’t have

A

hänella ei ole

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55
Q

we don’t have

A

meillä ei ole

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56
Q

You don’t have

A

teillä ei ole

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57
Q

they don’t have

A

heillä ei ole

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58
Q

what is the case structure for the question for of have?

A

add +onko +lla/llä +nominative

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59
Q

do you have…?

A

onko sinulla…?

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60
Q

does he have, does she have?

A

onko hänellä…?

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61
Q

do You have…?

A

onko teillä…?

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62
Q

do they have…?

A

onko heillä…?

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63
Q

what is the case structure for “don’t have?”?

A

add +eikö +lla/llä +ole +part

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64
Q

you don’t have…?

A

eikö sinulla ole…?

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65
Q

he doesn’t have, she doesn’t have?

A

eikö hänellä ole…?

66
Q

You don’t have…?

A

eikö teillä ole…?

67
Q

they don’t have…?

A

eikö heillä ole…?

68
Q

mine

A

minun

69
Q

yours

A

sinun

70
Q

his, hers

A

hänen

71
Q

ours

A

meidän

72
Q

Yours

A

teidän

73
Q

theirs

A

heidän

74
Q

what are all the possessive pronouns?

A

minun, sinun, hänen, meidän, teidän, heidän

75
Q

whose?

A

kenen?

76
Q

what are the endings for possessive words?

A

-ni, -si, -nsa/nsä, -mme, nne, nsa

77
Q

my car

A

autoni

78
Q

your car

A

autosi

79
Q

his car, her car

A

autonsa/ä

80
Q

our car

A

automme

81
Q

Your car

A

autonne

82
Q

their car

A

autonsa

83
Q

I don’t

A

minä en

84
Q

you don’t

A

sinä et

85
Q

he doesn’t, she doesn’t

A

han ei

86
Q

we don’t

A

me emme

87
Q

You don’t

A

te ette

88
Q

they don’t

A

he eivät

89
Q

not

A

ei

90
Q

where is the placement of not (ei) in a sentence?

A

before the main verb

91
Q

to be

A

olla

92
Q

I am

A

minä olen

93
Q

you are

A

sinä olet

94
Q

he is, she is

A

hän on

95
Q

we are

A

me olemme

96
Q

You are

A

te olette

97
Q

they are

A

he ovat

98
Q

(col.) I am

A

mä on

99
Q

(col.) you are

A

sä oot

100
Q

(col.) he is, she is

A

se on

101
Q

(col.) we are

A

me ollaan

102
Q

(col.) You are

A

te ootte

103
Q

(col.) they are

A

he on

104
Q

I am not

A

minä en ole

105
Q

you’re not

A

sinä et ole

106
Q

he is not, she is not

A

hän ei ole

107
Q

we are not

A

me emme ole

108
Q

You are not

A

te ette ole

109
Q

they are not

A

he eivät ole

110
Q

(col.) I’m not

A

mä en oo

111
Q

(col.) you’re not

A

sä et oo

112
Q

(col.) he is not, she is not

A

se ei oo

113
Q

(col.) we are not

A

me ei olla

114
Q

(col.) You are not

A

te ette oo

115
Q

(col.) they are not

A

ne ei oo

116
Q

am I?

A

olenko minä?

117
Q

are you?

A

oletko sinä?

118
Q

is he? is she?

A

onko hän?

119
Q

is it?

A

onko se?

120
Q

are we?

A

olemmeko me?

121
Q

are You?

A

oletteko te?

122
Q

are they?

A

ovatko he? ovatko ne?

123
Q

(col.) am I?

A

oonks mä?

124
Q

(col.) are you?

A

ooksä, ootsä?

125
Q

(col.) is he? is she? is it?

A

onkse?

126
Q

(col.) are we?

A

ollaanks me?

127
Q

(col.) are You?

A

ootteks te?

128
Q

(col.) are they?

A

onks ne?

129
Q

how is a “ko/kö” phrase formed?

A

verb + personal ending + ko/kö + subject

130
Q

would you like to sit?

A

haluaisitteko isua?

131
Q

wouldn’t you like to sit?

A

ettekö haluaisi istua?

132
Q

is Pekka coming to school?

A

tuleeko Pekka kouluun?

133
Q

isn’t Pekka coming to school?

A

eikö Pekka tule kouluun?

134
Q

are we going home?

A

menemmekö kottin?

135
Q

aren’t we going home?

A

emmekö mene kotiin?

136
Q

wouldn’t you like?

A

haluaisitteko?

137
Q

wouldn’t?

A

ettekö?

138
Q

coming…?

A

tuleeko?

139
Q

isn’t?

A

eikö…?

140
Q

are we going…?

A

menemmekö…?

141
Q

aren’t we…?

A

emmekö…?

142
Q

how is a negatie-question phrase formed?

A

negative verb + personal ending + kö + subject + main verb

143
Q

we have…

A

meillä on…

144
Q

we don’t (have)

A

ei ole

145
Q

yes they do

A

kyllä uskon

146
Q

no i don’t

A

en usko

147
Q

yes they do

A

vielä

148
Q

not any more

A

eivät enää

149
Q

what words do you begin a question with?

A

with the words mikä, missä, miten, kuka…

150
Q

what?

A

mikä?

151
Q

where?

A

missä

152
Q

how?

A

miten?

153
Q

who?

A

kuka?

154
Q

what are 3 ways to form a question?

A
  1. begin with an interrogative word 2. add the ko/kö suffix 3. add ko/kö to the first word of the question
155
Q

what is the word order in a sentence?

A

subject, verb, object

156
Q

Tehän olette armeijassa, eikö niin?

A

you’re in the military aren’t you?

157
Q

kiitos, siinähän se menee

A

not so bad, thanks

158
Q

olethan

A

yes you are

159
Q

what is the word order in ko/kö questions?

A

verb, subject, object

160
Q

what is the word order in normal questions?

A

interrogative word, subject, verb, object

Finnish (10 decks)

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