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Anatomy and Physiology > UNIT IV: Digestive System > Flashcards

UNIT IV: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Processes food so that it can be absorbed and used by the body’s cells.

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

Responsible for food ingestion. digestion, absorption, and elimination of undigested remains from the body.

A

Digestive organs

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3
Q

The digestive tract can be viewed as what?

A

A disassembly line in which food is carried from one stage of its broken-down process to the next muscular activity.

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4
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A 
Ingestion
Secretion
Motility
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
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5
Q

A process that involves taking foods and liquids into the mouth.

A

Ingestion (eating)

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6
Q

The cells within the walls of the Gi tract and accessor digestive organs secrete how much liquid into the lumen (interior space) of the tract per day?

A

7 liters

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7
Q

What are the liquids that are secreted by the cells within the Gi tract and accessory digestive enzymes?

A

Water
Acid
Buffers
Enzymes

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8
Q

The capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its length

A

Motility

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9
Q

In motility, the alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscles in the walls of the GI tract do what?

A

Mix food and secretions and move them toward the anus.

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10
Q

The process of breaking down ingested food into small molecules that can be used by the body cells.

A

Digestion

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11
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion

Chemical digestion

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12
Q

The type of digestion where the teeth cut and grind down food before it is swallowed.

A

Mechanical digestion

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13
Q

The type of digestion where molecules in food are split into smaller molecules by hydrolysis.

A

Chemical digestion

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14
Q

The movement of the products of digestion from the lumen of the GI tract into blood or lymph

A

Absorption

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15
Q

The process where materials that were not absorbed in the digestive tract leave the body through the anus

A

Defecation

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16
Q

What materials are removed in defecation?

A

Wastes
Indigestible substances
Bacteria
Cells sloughed from the lining of the GI tract

17
Q

What are the two main groups of organs in the digestive system?

A

Alimentary canal

Accessory digestive organs

18
Q

Continuous, coiled, hollow tube that runs through the ventral cavity from stomach to anus

A

Alimentary canal / gastrointestinal (GI) tract

19
Q

What do the organs in the GI tract do?

A

Ingest
Digest
Absorb
Defecate

20
Q

Assists digestion in various ways

A

Accessory digestive systems

21
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

Teeth
Tongue
Several Large digestive organs

22
Q

What are the parts of the Alimentary canal?

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
23
Q

Mucous membrane-lined cavity

A

Mouth (oral or buccal cavity)

24
Q

What is the mouth formed by?

A

Cheeks
Hard palate
Soft Palate
Tongue

25
Q

Form the lateral walls of the mouth / oral cavity.

Covered externally with skin and internally with mucous membrane

A

Cheeks

26
Q

Fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.
Contain orbicularis oris muscle
Covered externally with skin and internally with mucous membrane

A

Lips

27
Q

A midline fold of mucous membrane where the inner surface of each lip is attached to its corresponding gum

A

Labial frenulum

28
Q

What helps keep food between the upper and lower teeth during chewing?

A

Contraction of the buccinator muscles in the cheek and orbicularis muscle in the lips

29
Q

The space bounded externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the gums and teeth.

A

Oral vestibule ( = entrance to the canal)

30
Q

The space that extends from the gums and teeth to the fauces

A

Oral cavity proper

31
Q

The opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx (throat)

A

Fauces

32
Q

A wall or septum that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
Forms the roof of the mouth

A

Palate

33
Q

What does the palate allow us to do

A

The palate allows you to chew and breathe at the same time.

34
Q

The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

Formed by the maxillae and palatine bones and is covered by a mucous membrane

A

Hard palate

35
Q

Forms the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

An arch-shaped muscular partition between the oropharynx and nasopharynx

A

Soft palate

36
Q

A fingerlike muscular structure that hangs from the free border of the soft palate

A

Uvula

37
Q

During swallowing, the soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly, which results to what?

A

Closes off the nasopharynx and prevents swallowed foods and liquids from entering the nasal cavity.

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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