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Anatomy and Physiology > Unit 3: The Special Senses > Flashcards

Unit 3: The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

More than half of the sensory receptors in the human body are located where?

A

Eyes

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2
Q

A large part of the cerebral cortex is devoted to processing what?

A

Visual Information

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3
Q

What part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation can be seen with the eyes?

A

Visible light (wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm)

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4
Q
  • Shade the eyes during sleep.
  • Protect the eyes from excessive light and foreign objects.
  • Spread lubricating secretions over the eyeballs.
A

Eyelids

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5
Q

What do the eyelids consists of from superficial to deep?

A 
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Tissue
Fibers of orbicularis oculi muscle
Tarsal plate
Tarsal glands
Conjuctiva
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6
Q

Gives support to the eyelids

A

Tarsal Plate

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7
Q

Secrete a fluid to keep the eyelids from adhering to each other.

A

Tarsal Glands

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8
Q

A thin mucous membrane that lines the inner aspect of the eyelids and is reflected onto the anterior surface of the eyebrow.

A

Conjunctiva

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9
Q

Help protect eyeballs from foreign objects, perspirations, and the direct rays of the sun.

A

Eyelashes and eyebrows

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10
Q

Consists of structures that produce and drain tears.

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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11
Q

Move the eyeballs laterally, medially, superiorly, and inferiorly

A

Six extrinsic eye muscle

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12
Q

What does the eyeball contain?

A

Nonvascular lens

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13
Q

This lens fine-tunes the focusing of light rays for clear vision.

A

Nonvascular lens

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14
Q

What is the interior of the eyeball divided into?

A

Anterior cavity

Vitreous chamber

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15
Q

The outer coat of the eyeball

A

Fibrous Tunic

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16
Q

The Fibrous Tunic can be divided into:

A

The posterior sclera

The anterior cornea

17
Q

An opening at the junction of the sclera and cornea

A

The scleral venous sinus / canal of Schlemm.

18
Q
  • The “white” of the eye.
  • A white coat of dense fibrous tissue that covers all the eyeball except the iris.
  • Gives shape to the eyeball and protects its inner parts.
  • Posterior surface is pierced by the optic nerve.
A

Sclera

19
Q
  • A nonvascular, transparent, fibrous coat through the iris which the iris can be seen.
  • Acts in the refraction of light
A

Cornea

20
Q

The middle layer of the eyeball.

A

Vascular tunic

21
Q

What are the vascular tunic’s three portions?

A

The choroid
The ciliary body
The iris

22
Q
  • Absorbs light rays so that they are not reflected and scattered within the eyeball.
  • Provides nutrients to the posterior surface of the retina.
A

The choroid

23
Q

Consists of the ciliary processes and ciliary muscle

A

The ciliary body

24
Q

Part of the ciliary body that consist of protrusions on the internal surface of the ciliary body where epithelial lining cells secrete aqueous humor.

A

The ciliary processes

25
Q

Part of the ciliary body that is a smooth muscle that alters the shape of the lens for near or far vision.

A

The ciliary muscle

26
Q
  • The colored portion seen through the cornea.
A

Iris

27
Q

What does the iris consist of that are arranged to form a doughnut-shaped structure?

A

Circular Iris

Radial Iris

28
Q
  • The black hole in the center of the iris.

- The area where light enters the eyeball

A

Pupil

29
Q

A principal function of the iris

A

Regulate the amount of light entering the posterior cavity of the eyeball.

30
Q
  • The third and inner coat of the eye.
  • Lines the posterior three-quarters of the eyeball.
  • Beginning of the visual pathway
A

Retina (Nervous Tunic)

31
Q

The only place in the body where blood vessels can be viewed and directly examined for pathological changes.

A

Surface of the Retina

32
Q

The site where the optic nerve hits the eyeball

A

Optic disc

33
Q

The vessels of the retina that are bundled together with the optic nerve with branches across the retinal surface.

A

Central retinal artery

vein

34
Q

The retina consists of what?

A

A pigment epithelium (nonvisual portion)

A neural portion (visual portion)

35
Q

Part of the retina that aids the choroid in absorbing stray light rays.

A

Pigment epithelium

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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