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Anatomy and Physiology > UNIT 1: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES > Flashcards

UNIT 1: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

What Greek words did Anatomy derive from?

A

Tomy (cut)

Ana (apart)

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3
Q

The study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microscopic anatomy

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4
Q

The study of interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region, such as the abdomen.

A

Regional Anatomy

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5
Q

Why is studying regional anatomy important?

A

It helps us appreciate the interrelationships of body structures.

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6
Q

The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system.

A

Systemic anatomy

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7
Q

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

A

Physiology

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8
Q

_____ : nature

_____ : the study of

A

Physio,

Ology

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9
Q

The scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and how they work together to support the functions of life.

A

Physiology

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10
Q

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things.

A

Homeostasis

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11
Q

Much of the study of Physiology centers around the body’s tendency towards what?

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

What can determine the functions that can take place in the body?

A

Structure

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13
Q

The body orientation used when describing an organism’s anatomy

A

Standard anatomical position.

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14
Q

What is the reason for standardization to be necessary?

A

To avoid confusion since most organisms can have different positions that can change the relative placement of organs.

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15
Q

Directional term for the same side

A

Ipsilateral

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16
Q

Directional term that refers to the opposite side

A

Contralateral

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17
Q
  • The front surface
  • Closer to the front
  • In front of
  • Direction toward the front of the body
A

Anterior (Ventral)

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18
Q
  • The back surface
  • Closer to the back
  • Behind
  • Direction toward the back of the body
A

Posterior (Dorsal)

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19
Q
  • Towards or closer to the head
  • At a higher level
  • Above / upper part
A

Superior (Cranial)

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20
Q
  • Away from the head or closer to the feet
  • At a lower level
  • Below / Lower Part
A

Inferior (Caudal)

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21
Q
  • Towards the midline
A

Medial

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22
Q
  • Away from the midline
A

Lateral

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23
Q
  • In the limbs, closer to the attachment to the trunk
A

Proximal

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24
Q
  • In the limbs, farther away from the attachment point to the trunk
A

Distal

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25
Q
  • Towards the body surface
A

Superficial (external)

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26
Q
  • Away from the body surface
A

Deep (Internal)

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27
Q
  • On the left side of the body
A

Left

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28
Q
  • On the right side of the body
A

Right

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29
Q

Helps us understand the various ways in which the body can be viewed when cut into sections.

A

Planes and Sections

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30
Q

What are the four (4) types of Body Planes?

A 
Sagittal
Oblique
Frontal
Transverse
(tip: Remember SOFT)
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31
Q
  • Plane that runs vertically from top to bottom (and front to back)
  • Plane that divides the body into a left and right portion.
A

Sagittal plane

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32
Q

A sagittal plane that perfectly divides the body down the midline.

A

Midsagittal/Median plane

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33
Q

A sagittal plane that does not run perfectly down the midline of the body.

A

Parasagittal

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34
Q

A plane that can be any type of angle other than a horizontal or vertical angle.

A

Oblique Plane

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35
Q

A plane that runs horizontally, dividing the body or structure into a top and bottom half,

A

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

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36
Q

A plane that runs vertically from top to bottom (and left to right) and divides the body into a front portion and a back portion.

A

Frontal/Coronal Plane

37
Q

Compartmentalizes the human body.

A

Anatomical body regions

38
Q

Refers to a certain area

A

Region

39
Q

What are the two major portions the body is divided into?

A

Axial and Appendicular

40
Q

Runs right down the center (axis) and consists of the head, neck, thorax (chest and back), abdomen, and pelvis.

A

Axial body

41
Q

Consists of appendages, otherwise known as upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)

A

Appendicular body

42
Q

Axial body’s main regions

A

Head and Neck
Thorax
Abdomen

43
Q

Appendicular body’s main regions

A

Upper Extremity

Lower Extremity

44
Q

Hollow spaces within the human body that contain internal organs.

A

Body Cavities

45
Q

The largest body compartments

A

Dorsal (Posterior) cavity and the Ventral (Anterior) cavity

46
Q

Which cavity allows for significant changes in size and shape of the organs as they perform their functions?

A

Ventral (Anterior) cavity

47
Q
  • A continuous cavity located on the dorsal side of the body.
  • It houses the organs of the upper central nervous system.
A

Dorsal Cavity

48
Q

A multi-layered membrane within the dorsal cavity that envelopes and protects the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

49
Q

The anterior portion of the dorsal cavity consisting of the space inside the skull.
- Contains the brain, the meninges of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid

A

Cranial Cavity

50
Q
  • The posterior portion of the dorsal cavity and contains the structures within the vertebral column.
  • Contains the spinal cord, the meninges of the spinal cord, and the fluid-filled spaces between them.
  • Most narrow of all body cavities
A

Vertebral Cavity

51
Q
  • The interior space in front of the body.
  • Contains different organ systems.
  • Has anterior and posterior portions divided by the diaphragm.
A

Ventral Cavity

52
Q
  • The anterior ventral body cavity found within the rib cage in the torso.
  • Houses the primary organs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
A

Thoracic Cavity

53
Q

A type of membrane tissue that lines the ventral cavity.

A

Mesothelium

54
Q

The two types of mesothelium that lines the thoracic cavity.

A

The pleura lining (lungs) and the pericardial lining (heart)

55
Q
  • The posterior ventral body cavity found beneath the thoracic cavity and diaphragm.
  • Not contained within the bone and houses many organs of the digestive and renal systems, as well as some organs of the endocrine system.
A
  • Abdominopelvic Cavity
56
Q

Divisions that are used to categorize the individual abdominal organs by their location and functions.

A

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

57
Q

Why do clinicians make use of abdominal regions and quadrants?

A

To help diagnose the source of abdominal pain and determine the appropriate treatment.

58
Q

The most common divisions for the abdominopelvic region

A

The four quadrants and nine regions

59
Q

What are the four (4) quadrants?

A

Right Upper Quadrant
Left Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant
Left Lower Quadrant

60
Q

The quadrant that contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, right kidney, a small portion of the stomach, the duodenum, the head of the pancreas, portions of the ascending and transverse colon, and parts of the small intestine.

Pain in this region is associated with infection and inflammation in the gallbladder and liver or peptic ulcers in the stomach.

A

Right Upper Quadrant

61
Q

The quadrant that contains the left portion of the liver, part of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon, and parts of the small intestine.

Pain in this region is associated with malrotation of the intestine and colon.

A

Left Upper Quadrant

62
Q

The quadrant that contains the cecum, appendix, part of the small intestines, the right half of the female reproductive system, and the right ureter.

Pain in this region is most commonly associated with appendicitis.

A

Right Lower Quadrant

63
Q

This quadrant houses the majority of the small intestine, some of the large intestine, the left half of the female reproductive system, and the left ureter.

Pain in this region is generally associated with colitis (inflammation of the large intestine) as well as pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts in females.

A

Left Lower Quadrant

64
Q

What are the nine divisions of the abdominopelvic region?

A 
Right Hypochondriac region
Left Hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Right Lumbar region
Left Lumbar region
Umbilical region
Right Iliac region
Left Iliac region
Hypogastric region
65
Q

The region that contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, the right kidney, and parts of the small intestine.

A

Right Hypochondriac region

66
Q

The region that contains parts of the spleen, left kidney, part of the stomach, the pancreas, and parts of the colon.

A

Left Hypochondriac region

67
Q

The region that contains the majority of the stomach part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the duodenum, part of the spleen, and the adrenal glands.
This region pushes out when the diaphragm contracts during breathing.

A

Epigastric region

68
Q

The region that consists of the gallbladder, the right kidney, part of the liver, and the ascending colon.

A

Right Lumbar region

69
Q

The region that consists of descending colon, the left kidney, and part of the spleen.

A

Left Lumbar region

70
Q

The region that contains the umbilicus (navel), and many parts of the small intestine, such as part of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

A

Umbilical region

71
Q

The region that contains the appendix, cecum, and the right iliac fossa.

Pain in this region is generally associated with appendicitis.

A

Right Iliac region

72
Q

This region contains part of the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the right iliac fossa.

A

Left Iliac region

73
Q

This region contains the organs around the pubic bone. These include the bladder, the part of the sigmoid colon, the anus, and many organs of the reproductive system, such as the uterus and ovaries or the prostrate.

A

Hypogastric region

74
Q

One of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

A

Serous Membranes

75
Q

The layer of the serous membrane that line the walls of the body cavity.

A

Parietal Layers

76
Q

Refers to the cavity walls

A

Pariet

77
Q

The layer of the serous membrane that covers the organs.

A

Visceral Layers

78
Q

Refers to the organs

A

Viscera

79
Q

What is found between the Visceral Layer and the Parietal Layer?

A

A very thin, fluid-like serous space, or cavity.

80
Q
  • Are lined by a serous membrane.
  • Are normally empty (except for microscopic cells and a film of fluid)
  • Function to preclude adhesions among organs, thereby allowing organs to move freely relative to one another.
A

Serous Membrane Cavities

81
Q

What does a serous membrane consist of?

A

A single layer of flattened mesothelial cells applied to the surface of a thin layer of collagenous tissue that attaches to underlying endothoracic/transversalis fascia.

82
Q

What are the serous membranes?

A

Peritoneum Cavity
Pleura Cavity
Pericardium Cavity

83
Q
  • Found within the abdominal and pelvic body cavities.
    Connecting forms:
    Mesentery and Ligaments
A

Peritoneum Cavity / Peritoneal Cavity

84
Q

These two cavities (separated by mediastinum) are found within the thoracic cavity.

A

Pleura Cavity

85
Q

What are the subdivisions of the pleura cavity?

A

Costal Pleura
Diaphragmatic Pleura
Mediastinal Pleura
Pleural Cupula

86
Q

What is formed by connecting pleura?

A

Pulmonary ligament.

87
Q

What is visceral pleura also called?

A

Pulmonary pleura

88
Q

The cavity found within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

A

Pericardium Cavity

89
Q

What is visceral pericardium also called?

A

The Epicardium

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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