Unit II Vocabulary

Question 1

An immovable joint

Answer 1

Synarthrosis

Question 2

A slightly moveable joint

Answer 2

Amphiarthrosis

Question 3

A freely moveable joint

Answer 3

Diarthrosis

Question 4

Connective tissue that holds together two bones or a joint

Answer 4

Ligaments

Question 5

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Answer 5

Tendon

Question 6

Small, thin, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue

Answer 6

Bursae

Question 7

When a ligament is stretched to the point of tearing some of the collagen fibers

Answer 7

Sprain

Question 8

Movement in the anterior–posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones

Answer 8

Flexion

Question 9

Movement in the anterior–posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating bones

Answer 9

Extension

Question 10

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

Answer 10

Abduction

Question 11

Movement towards the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

Answer 11

Adduction

Question 12

Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole inward, elevating the medial edge of the sole

Answer 12

Inversion

Question 13

Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole outward, elevating the lateral edge of the sole

Answer 13

Eversion

Question 14

Flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole, as when you dig in your heel

Answer 14

Dorsiflexion

Question 15

Extends the ankle joint and elevates the heel, as when you stand on tiptoe

Answer 15

Plantar flexion

Question 16

Skull and associated bones, vertebral column and thoracic cage

Answer 16

Axial skeleton

Question 17

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and upper and lower appendages

Answer 17

Appendicular skeleton

Question 18

Chamber that supports the brain

Answer 18

Cranial cavity

Question 19

Air-filled chambers in the skull

Answer 19

Sinuses

Question 20

Thoracic and sacral curves

Answer 20

Primary curves

Question 21

Lumbar and cervical curves

Answer 21

Secondary curves

Question 22

Exaggerated thoracic curvature (hunchback)

Answer 22

Kyphosis

Question 23

Anterior exaggeration of the lumbar curve

Answer 23

Lordosis

Question 24

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 24

Scoliosis

Question 25

Ribs which reach the anterior body wall and are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions

Answer 25

True ribs

Question 26

Ribs that don't attach directly to the sternum, but fuse with cartilage of rib pair 7

Answer 26

False ribs

Question 27

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum at all

Answer 27

Floating ribs

Question 28

The widest and most superior portion of the sternum. Only the first pair of ribs is attached by cartilage to this portion of the sternum

Answer 28

Manubrium

Question 29

The muscular diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles attach to this portion of the sternum

Answer 29

Xyphoid process

Question 30

Consists of two S-shaped clavicles and two broad, flat scapulae

Answer 30

Pectoral girdle

Question 31

The two hip bones make up this

Answer 31

Pelvic girdle

Question 32

A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the entire muscle

Answer 32

Epimysium

Question 33

Divides the skeletal muscle into a series of compartments

Answer 33

Perimysium

Question 34

Surrounds the individual skeletal muscle cells, called muscle fibers

Answer 34

Endomysium

Question 35

Each muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of these cylindri­cal structures

Answer 35

Myofibrils

Question 36

A bundle of muscle fibers

Answer 36

Fascicle

Question 37

Repeating functional units of the myofibrils

Answer 37

Sarcomere

Question 38

A thin filament containing active sites

Answer 38

Actin

Question 39

Covers active sites on actin

Answer 39

Tropomyosin

Question 40

Consists of 3 globular subunits, which bind to actin, tropomyosin, and two calcium ions

Answer 40

Troponin

Question 41

Thick filaments which bind to active sites on actin

Answer 41

Myosin

Question 42

A chemical released by a neuron to change the permeability or other properties of another cell’s plasma membrane

Answer 42

Neurotransmitter

Question 43

A sudden change in the membrane potential that travels along the length of the axon

Answer 43

Action potential

Question 44

The cytoplasm of the axon terminal contains vesicles filled with this

Answer 44

Acetylcholine

Question 45

A chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is here that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction

Answer 45

Neuromuscular junction

Question 46

All of the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron

Answer 46

Motor unit

Question 47

The resting tension in a skeletal muscle

Answer 47

Muscle tone

Question 48

In a muscle - tension increases and the skeletal muscle's length changes

Answer 48

Isotonic contraction

Question 49

The muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle shortens

Answer 49

Concentric contraction

Question 50

The peak tension developed is less than the load, and the muscle elongates due to the contrac­tion of another muscle or the pull of gravity

Answer 50

Eccentric contraction

Question 51

The muscle as a whole does not change length, and the tension produced never exceeds the load

Answer 51

Isometric contraction

Question 52

Provides 95 percent of the ATP demands of a resting cell

Answer 52

Aerobic metabolism

Question 53

The place where the fixed end of a muscle attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue

Answer 53

Origin

Question 54

The site where the movable end of a muscle attaches to another structure

Answer 54

Insertion

Question 55

A muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing a particular movement

Answer 55

Agonist

Question 56

A muscle whose action opposes that of a particular agonist

Answer 56

Antagonist

Question 57

Helps a larger agonist work efficiently

Answer 57

Synergist