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General A&P > Chapter 21 & 22 - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 21 & 22 - Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Your body’s ability to adapt and fight the wide variety of antigens it encounters

A

Versatility

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2
Q

Capillary in which the endothelium is a complete lining. They supply most of the body.

A

Continuous capillaries

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3
Q

The process by which arterial smooth muscles contract, constricting the artery

A

Vasoconstriction

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4
Q

The minimum blood pressure at the end of ventricular diastole

A

Diastolic pressure

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5
Q

The peak blood pressure measured during ventricular systole

A

Systolic pressure

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6
Q

Interstitial fluids accumulate and the limb gradually becomes swollen and grossly distended. Caused by blockage of the lymphatic drainage of a limb.

A

Lymphedema

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7
Q

The process by which arterial smooth muscles relax, increasing the diameter of the lumen

A

Vasodilation

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8
Q

The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells

A

Immunity

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9
Q

Protects against particular threats. For example, may protect against one type of bacterium, but not other bacteria and viruses.

A

Adaptive (specific) immunity

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10
Q

The activation of appropriate lymphocytes and the production of antibodies with targeted effects. (A specific defense for a specific antigen)

A

Specificity

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11
Q

Large lymphoid nodules in the walls of the pharynx

A

Tonsils

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12
Q

The inner layer of a blood vessel

A

Tunica intima

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13
Q

Capillary in which the endothelium is penetrated by pores. Supply organs such as the brain and endocrine system.

A

Fenestrated capillaries

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14
Q

A person receives antibodies to fight infection or prevent disease.

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

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15
Q

Nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen’s appearance in the body. These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body. Provided by NK cells.

A

Innate (nonspecific) immunity

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16
Q

A network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body

A

Lymphatic system

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17
Q

Immunity conferred to an individual through the activity of B cells and their progeny, which produce circulating antibodies in response to the presence of a foreign substance and recognize the substance upon renewed exposure.

A

Antibody-mediated immunity

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18
Q

An abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system

A

Spleen

19
Q

A baby receives antibodies from the mother, either during gestation or early infancy

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

20
Q

The outer layer of a blood vessel

A

Tunica externa

21
Q

In addition to being fenestrated, these commonly have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells, and the basement membrane is either thinner or absent. As a result, they permit the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins between blood and interstitial fluid.

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

22
Q

Abnormally low blood pressure

A

Hypotension

23
Q

The smallest venous vessels. They collect blood from capillary beds.

A

Venules

24
Q

As you exhale, your thoracic cavity decreases in size. Internal pressure then rises, forcing air out of your lungs and pushing venous blood into the right atrium

A

Respiratory pump

25
Q

An immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

A

Cell-mediated immunity

26
Q

Account for 20–40 percent of circulating leukocytes. Most are T cells, but can also be B cells and NK cells.

A

Lymphocytes

27
Q

Immunity which begins to develop after birth. It continues to build as you encounter “new” pathogens or other antigens.

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

28
Q

A small branch of an artery leading into capillaries

A

Arterioles

29
Q

Lymphocytes are densely packed in an area of areolar tissue - such as the tonsils.

A

Lymphoid nodule

30
Q

When a skeletal muscle contracts near a vein, compressing it, helping to push blood towards the heart

A

Muscular compression

31
Q

The forces that oppose blood flow in the blood vessels.

A

Vascular resistance

32
Q

Connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid tissues

33
Q

Blood flow through tissues

A

Tissue perfusion

34
Q

Return blood to the heart.

A

Veins

35
Q

A colorless fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream

A

Lymph

36
Q

Abnormally high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

37
Q

Small lymphoid organs that defend us against bacteria and other invaders

A

Lymph nodes

38
Q

The middle layer of a blood vessel

A

Tunica media

39
Q

Enables your immune system to “remember” an antigen it has previously encountered, and to launch a faster, stronger, and longer-lasting counterattack if such an antigen appears again

A

Memory

40
Q

When an antigen does not stimulate an immune response, the immune system is showing this towards that antigen.

A

Tolerance

41
Q

Osmotic pressure due to the presence of suspended proteins that cannot cross capillary walls

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

42
Q

The pressure within capillary walls.

Along the length of a typical capillary, pressures decline from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

43
Q

Stimulates the body to produce antibodies under controlled conditions so that you will be able to overcome natural exposure to the pathogen in the future. (E.g., vaccine)

A

Artificially induced active immunity

General A&P (16 decks)

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