Chapter 6 Vocabulary Flashcards
Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull
Sutural bones
Bones which have a complex shape
Irregular bones
Small and boxy bones with approximately equal dimensions
Short bones
Bones with a thin, flattened shape
Flat bones
Elongated bones which consist of a shaft with two ends that are wider than the shaft
Long bones
Small, flat bones shaped somewhat like a sesame seed. Except for the patellae (kneecaps), there are individual variations in the location and number of these bones.
Sesmoid bones
The extended, tubular shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
Expanded area at the end of each long bone
Epiphysis
Connects the shaft of the long bones to the ends of the long bones
Metaphysis
Dense bone which is relatively solid
Compact bone
Bone which consists of an open network of struts and plates that resembles latticework
Spongy bone
Mature bone cells that make up most of the cell population
Osteocytes
Cells which produce new bone matrix
Osteoblasts
Proteins and other organic components of the bone matrix before calcium salts are deposited
Osteoid
The only bone cells that divide. These cells differentiate and develop into osteoblasts.
Osteogenic cells
Cells that absorb and remove bone matrix
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers around a vascular central canal
Osteon
Membrane with a fibrous outer layer and a cellular inner layer which covers all bones, except in joint cavities
Periosteum
An incomplete cellular layer containing osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts. Lines the medullary cavity.
Endosteum
Stimulates osteoclast and osteoblast activity; increases blood calcium ion concentrations
Parathyroid hormone
Inhibits osteoclast activity; promotes calcium loss by kidneys; decreases blood calcium ion concentrations
Calcitonin
Inadequate ossification resulting in bone loss
Osteopenia
Reduction in bone loss significant enough to compromise normal function
Osteoporosis
Composed of the bones of the head, thoracic cage and vertebral column
Axial skeleton
Composed of the bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs
Appendicular skeleton