Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull

Answer 1

Sutural bones

Question 2

Bones which have a complex shape

Answer 2

Irregular bones

Question 3

Small and boxy bones with approximately equal dimensions

Answer 3

Short bones

Question 4

Bones with a thin, flattened shape

Answer 4

Flat bones

Question 5

Elongated bones which consist of a shaft with two ends that are wider than the shaft

Answer 5

Long bones

Question 6

Small, flat bones shaped somewhat like a sesame seed. Except for the patellae (kneecaps), there are individual variations in the location and number of these bones.

Answer 6

Sesmoid bones

Question 7

The extended, tubular shaft of a long bone

Answer 7

Diaphysis

Question 8

Expanded area at the end of each long bone

Answer 8

Epiphysis

Question 9

Connects the shaft of the long bones to the ends of the long bones

Answer 9

Metaphysis

Question 10

Dense bone which is relatively solid

Answer 10

Compact bone

Question 11

Bone which consists of an open network of struts and plates that resembles latticework

Answer 11

Spongy bone

Question 12

Mature bone cells that make up most of the cell population

Answer 12

Osteocytes

Question 13

Cells which produce new bone matrix

Answer 13

Osteoblasts

Question 14

Proteins and other organic components of the bone matrix before calcium salts are deposited

Answer 14

Osteoid

Question 15

The only bone cells that divide. These cells differentiate and develop into osteoblasts.

Answer 15

Osteogenic cells

Question 16

Cells that absorb and remove bone matrix

Answer 16

Osteoclasts

Question 17

Osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers around a vascular central canal

Answer 17

Osteon

Question 18

Membrane with a fibrous outer layer and a cellular inner layer which covers all bones, except in joint cavities

Answer 18

Periosteum

Question 19

An incomplete cellular layer containing osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts. Lines the medullary cavity.

Answer 19

Endosteum

Question 20

Stimulates osteoclast and osteoblast activity; increases blood calcium ion concentrations

Answer 20

Parathyroid hormone

Question 21

Inhibits osteoclast activity; promotes calcium loss by kidneys; decreases blood calcium ion concentrations

Answer 21

Calcitonin

Question 22

Inadequate ossification resulting in bone loss

Answer 22

Osteopenia

Question 23

Reduction in bone loss significant enough to compromise normal function

Answer 23

Osteoporosis

Question 24

Composed of the bones of the head, thoracic cage and vertebral column

Answer 24

Axial skeleton

Question 25

Composed of the bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs

Answer 25

Appendicular skeleton