Chapter 26 Vocabulary

Question 1

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands and colon.

Answer 1

Aldosterone

Question 2

The duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder

Answer 2

Ureters

Question 3

Muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder.

Answer 3

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 4

Located at the bladder’s distal inferior end in females, and inferior to the prostate in males, is a secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra.

Answer 4

External urethral sphincter

Question 9

The intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure

Answer 9

Autoregulation

Question 10

The process by which the body acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal

Answer 10

Autonomic regulation

Question 12

A hormone which helps regulate and balance the amount of water in your blood. Higher water concentration increases the volume and pressure of your blood.

Answer 12

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 14

The process by which the kidneys filter the blood, removing excess wastes and fluids

Answer 14

Glomerular filtration

Question 17

The process by which the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid (pre-urine) and returns them to the circulating blood

Answer 17

Reabsorption

Question 18

Connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of fluids from the body

Answer 18

Urethra

Question 19

Involves a hormone binding to its receptor on an endocrine cell to regulate hormonal secretion

Answer 19

Hormonal regulation

Question 20

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Increases in proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of fluid exerting downward force from above.

Answer 20

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 21

The force that pulls water into the circulatory system. It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure.

Answer 21

Colloid osmotic pressure

Question 26

The transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption

Answer 26

Secretion

Question 27

The passage of materials through a membrane by a physical force such as gravity

Answer 27

Filtration

Question 29

The transport of a molecule from point A, usually on one side of a cell (e.g., external to the cell), to point B via a transmembrane carrier. Can be active transport or facilitated diffusion.

Answer 29

Carrier-mediated transport

Question 31

The ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body

Answer 31

Micturition