Unit I Review Flashcards by Maci Shupe

RBC Hemoglobin
what does it do

1/3 hemoglobin by volume
binds to oxygen gas

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What is the most common blood type

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What blood type is the universal recipient

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What blood type is the universal donor?

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Rh+ frequency
who can they receive from

85%
can receive from negative and positive

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Rh- frequency
who can they receive from

15%
can receive from negative ONLY

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What does Rh+ mean

Have D antigen, no D antibodies

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What does Rh- mean

No antigen, have D antibodies

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Vascular Phase = ?
what does it do

Vascular spasm
stimulate smooth muscle contraction

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Platelet Phase = ?
what does it do

Platelet plug formation
platelets stick to collagen fibers, damaged blood vessel walls

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Coagulation = ?
intrinsic vs. extrinsic

Clot formation
intrinsic: caused by blood contact with damaged or foreign surface (ex. coagulation in test tube)
extrinsic: caused by chemicals released by broken blood vessels or damaged tissue

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Heart structure
where? layers? what surrounds? layers?

in thoracic cavity
layers: endocardium (deep), myocardium (cardiac muscle), epicardium (aka visceral pericardium)
surrounded by pericardial sac
–visceral pericardium = epicardium
–parietal pericardium
–serous layer (deep)
–fibrous layer (superficial)

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Atria
muscle bands called?
which atria receives what kind of blood?

branching muscle bands called pectinate muscle
-right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava
-left atrium receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins

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Ventricles
muscle bands called?
where do the ventricles pump blood to?

muscle bands called trabecular carneae
-right ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary trunk and arteries
-left ventricle pumps blood to aorta

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Atrioventricular Valves
where are they?
what are they attached to?
names of them and what side

Between atria and ventricles on both sides
papillary muscles
Tricuspid (right) and bicuspid (left)

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Semilunar valves
names?
where are they?

Pulmonary and aortic
-Pulmonary: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
-Aortic: between left ventricle and aorta

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Cardiac Cycle
what is it?
1st sound of heart beat does?
2nd sound of heart beat does?
duration?

Events that make a production of a heartbeat
-Atrioventricular valves shut - make lubb noise
-Semilunar valves shut - make dupp noise
-> 0.8 seconds = 75 bpm

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Cardiac Conducting System - Intrinsic
SA Node - location and function
AV Node - location and function
AV bundle and bundle branches - function
Purkinje fibers - function

-upper right corner of right atrium, cause atrial systole, “pacemaker”
-base of interatrial septum, transmit pules down interventriculr septum
-transmit pulses down interventricular septum to apex
-transmit pulses up walls to cause contraction

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Electrocardiogram (ECG)
what is it?
events?
what if it’s abnormal?

-recording of electrical activity
-P wave = atrial depolarization, QRS Complex = ventricular depolarization, T Wave = ventricular repolarization
-indicates damage to CCS (cardiac conducting system)

Control of Cardiac Cycling - Extrinsic
what systems involved?
what do they do?

-Endocrine System and Autonomic Nervous System
-Endocrine system = hormones increase heart rate and contraction strength - secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
-Autonomic Nervous system = nerve fibers
–Symphathetic fibrs = fight or flight, speed heart up (volume knob)
–Parasymphathetic fibers = rest and digest, slow heart down (balance knob)

Blood Vessels
Name them

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

Contraction
Dilation

Capillaries
Wall is?
what are the types

-wall is endothelium
-continuous or fenestrated (leaky)

Veins
blood flow due to?
function

-Skeletal muscle contraction and vasoconstriction
-function as blood reservoir

Blood Pressure what is it? two types? pulse?

-pressure of blood on artery wall -systolic = max pressure, diastolic = min pressure -distention and recoil of arteries

Hypertension causes

-increased heart action -increased peripheral resistance -atherosclerosis - narrowing of arteries -arteriosclerosis - hardening of arteries -excess blood volume

Control of Blood Pressure what centers?

-cardiac control center - adjust cardiac output -vasomotor control center - send symphathetic impulses causing tonic contraction

Circuits of Blood Flow - Pulmonary

-blood from heart to lung to heart again -right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium

Circuits of Blood Flow - Systemic

-blood from heart to body tissues to heart -left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, systemic capillaries, superior and inferior venae cavae, right atrium

Coronary Circulation

-supplies heart with blood -left ventricle, aorta, right and left coronary arteries, interventricular septum, capillaries, cardiac veins, coronary sinus, right atrium

Coronary Artery Disease causes? what can they result in?

-plaque -thrombus - blood clot in vessel -embolus - fatty acid, mobile blood clot, etc. that blocks -results in angina pectoris (chest pain) or myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Hepatic Circulation what does it do? inputs outputs

supplies liver with blood -input: left ventricle, aorta, hepatic artery, hepatic capillaries -input: left ventricle, aorta, splenic and mesenteric arteries, capillaries of the spleen and small intestine, hepatic portal vein, hepatic capillaries -output: hepatic vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium

Fetal Circulatory Adaptations Name them

Umbilical vein, ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, umbilical arteries

Umbilical vein location and function

umbilical cord transport oxygenated blood to fetus

Ductus venosus location and function

liver bypass liver capillaries

Foramen ovale location and function

interatrial septum bypass pulmonary circuit

Ductus arteriosus location and function

between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch bypass pulmonary circuit - send to aorta

Umbilical arteries location and function

umbilical cord transport deoxygenated blood to placenta

Pathway for blood entering the fetus

Placenta, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava, right atrium

Pathway for blood leaving the fetus

aorta, common iliac arteries, internal iliac arteries, umbilical arteries, placenta

Lymphatic System Functions

return tissue to blood absorb and transport lipids protect against disease

Lymph what does it do

return water and solutes to blood

Lymph Nodes appearance? what does it contain? function?

-one inch long, oval structures -contain B cells -remove harmful substances

Thymus appearance what does it do

-bilobed structure -divided into lobules that contain lymphocytes -some mature into T cells -secrete thymosin hormone to stimulate production -goes through involution

Spleen where is it? appearance functions

-upper left part of abdominal cavity -divided into lobules --white pulp: splenic nodules contain lymphocytes --red pulp: venous sinuses contain RBC and macrophages -remove RBCs from circulation, filter blood, immune surveillance