Unit I Pharynx Flashcards by Donovan Salgado

List the three parts that constitue the pharynx

naso, oro, and laryngopharynx

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What is the nasopharynx posterior to?

the nasal cavity

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What is the oropharynx poasterior to?

the oral cavity

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What is the laryngopharynx posterior to?

the larynx

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Superior boundary of the nasopharynx

roof of pharynx

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Inferior boundary of nasopharynx

soft palate

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Anterior boundary of nasopharynx

posterior border of the inferior nasal concha

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Posterior boundary of nasopharynx

posterior wall of the pharynx

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Describe the clinical significance of the pharyngeal tonsils

can become enlarged and cause difficulty breathing through the nose

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What is the second most common tonsils removed?

pharyngeal tonsils

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What are the most common tonsils removed?

palatine tonsils

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What equalizes pressure between the nasopharynx and tympanic cavity?

the pharyngotmpanic tube

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A small tonsil that lies immediately behind the opening of the pharyngotmpanic tube

tubal tonsil

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What structure allows spread of infection from the nasopharynx to the middle ear?

pharyngotympanic tube

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A fold which descends from the torus tubularis to the wall of the pahrynx

salpingopharyngeal fold

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What carilaginous structure limits the pharyngotmpanic tube as it open into the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

the torus tubularis

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What muscle is deep the salpingopharyngeal tube?

the salpingopharyngeus muscle

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Superior boundary of the oropharynx

soft palate

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Inferior boundary of oropharynx

superior border of the epiglottis

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Anterior boundary of orophayrnx

palatoglossal fold

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Posterior boundary of oropharynx

posterior wall of the pharynx

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At what vertebral levels does the oropharynx lie?

between C2-C3

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Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

palatine tonsils

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Between what two folds in the oropharynx are the palatine tonsils found?

the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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What is the space called between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds?

tonsillar fossa

Arrangement of tonsils around oropharynx formed by the lingual, palatine, tubal, and pharyngeal tonsils

tonsillar ring

Superior boundary of laryngopharynx

superior border of epiglottis

Inferior boundary of laryngopharynx

lower border of cricoid cartilage where it meets the esophagus

Anterior boundary of laryngopharynx

posterior surface of larynx

Posteior Boundary of laryngopharynx

posterior wall of the pharynx

An opening into the larynx and is found within the laryngopharynx

laryngeal inlet

A recess in the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx, on either side of the laryngeal inlet

Piriform fossa

Foreign objects stuck here can cause halitosis

piriform fossa

List the two muscular layers of the pharynx

External and longitudinal layers

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are synonymous with

the external layer of muscle

Origin of inferior constrictor muscle

cricoid and thyroid cartilage

Insertion of inferior constrictor muscle

pharyngeal raphe

Innervation to inferior constrictor muscle

vagus via pharyngeal plexus and external laryngeal nerve

Function of inferior constrictor muscle

contracts pharynx during swallowing

Origin of middle constrictor muscle

greater and lesser horns of hyoid

Insertion of middle constrictor muscle

pharyngeal raphe

Innervation of middle constrictor muscle

vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

Function of middle constrictor muscle

contracts pharynx during swallowing

Origin of superior constrictor muscle

medial pterygoid plate, alveolar part of mandible, and side of tongue

Insertion of superior constrictor muscle

pharyngeal raphe

Innervation of superior constrictor muscle

vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

Function of superior constrictor muscle

contracts pharynx during swallowing

Specialized band of muscle formed by superior constrictor muscle that helps seal the pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing

Palatopharyngeal sphincter

Origin of stylopharyngeus

styloid process

Insertion of stylopharyngeus

thyroid cartilage

Innervation of stylopharyngeus

glossopharyngeal nerve

Function of stylopharyngeus

elevates pharynx

Origin of palatopharyngeus

soft palate

Insertion of palatopharyngeus

wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage

Innervation of palatopharyngeus

vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

Function of palatopharyngeus

elevates pharynx and narrows oropharynx

Origin of salpingopharyngeus

torus tubularis and opening of pharyngotympanic tube

Insertion of salpingopharyngeus

wall of pharynx

Innervation of salpingopharyngeus

vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

Function of salpingopharyngeus

elevates pharynx and opens pharyngotympanic tube

The pharyngeal plexus is formed by

pharyngeal branch of vagus pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

List the arteries of the pharynx

ascending pharyngeal and maxillary arteries

A layer of fascia surrounding the pharynx external to its muscles

Buccopharyngeal fascia

What is the buccopharyngeal fascia continuous with?

the pretracheal fascia below it

A layer of fascia which lies internal to the muscles of the pharynx and external to its mucosa

Pharyngobasilar fascia

A potential space between the buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

retropharyngeal space

What extends down into the thorax and permits free movement of the pharynx and esophagus during swallowing?

retropharyngeal space

A hemorrhage from cervical trauma or abcesses from pharyngeal infection here may cause the posterior wall of the pharynx to expand forward potentially leading to suffocation

retropharyngeal space

In radiology, look for the widen of this in cases of cervical trauma or pharyngeal abcesses

retropharyngeal space

The common term for deglutition

swallowing

Describe the first stage of deglutition

the tongue moves the bolus back into the oropharyngeal isthmus

Describe the second stage of deglutition

The palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus move the bolus into the oropharynx. Simultaneously, the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles elevate the soft palate and close off the pharyngeal isthmus

The stylopharygeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus elevate the walls of the pharynx. At the same time, the suprahyoid muscle elevates the hyoid and larynx under the bulge of the tongue, which flexes the epiglottis over the laryngeal inlet. What stage of deglutition does this describe?

the third tage

The superior, middle, and inferior constrictor msucles contract in sequence to move the bolus through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx and into the esophagus. Peristalsis pushes the bolus into the stomach. What stage of deglutition does this describe?

the fourth stage