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Gross II > Unit I Pharynx > Flashcards

Unit I Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

List the three parts that constitue the pharynx

A

naso, oro, and laryngopharynx

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2
Q

What is the nasopharynx posterior to?

A

the nasal cavity

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3
Q

What is the oropharynx poasterior to?

A

the oral cavity

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4
Q

What is the laryngopharynx posterior to?

A

the larynx

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5
Q

Superior boundary of the nasopharynx

A

roof of pharynx

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6
Q

Inferior boundary of nasopharynx

A

soft palate

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7
Q

Anterior boundary of nasopharynx

A

posterior border of the inferior nasal concha

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8
Q

Posterior boundary of nasopharynx

A

posterior wall of the pharynx

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9
Q

Describe the clinical significance of the pharyngeal tonsils

A

can become enlarged and cause difficulty breathing through the nose

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10
Q

What is the second most common tonsils removed?

A

pharyngeal tonsils

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11
Q

What are the most common tonsils removed?

A

palatine tonsils

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12
Q

What equalizes pressure between the nasopharynx and tympanic cavity?

A

the pharyngotmpanic tube

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13
Q

A small tonsil that lies immediately behind the opening of the pharyngotmpanic tube

A

tubal tonsil

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14
Q

What structure allows spread of infection from the nasopharynx to the middle ear?

A

pharyngotympanic tube

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15
Q

A fold which descends from the torus tubularis to the wall of the pahrynx

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

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16
Q

What carilaginous structure limits the pharyngotmpanic tube as it open into the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

the torus tubularis

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17
Q

What muscle is deep the salpingopharyngeal tube?

A

the salpingopharyngeus muscle

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18
Q

Superior boundary of the oropharynx

A

soft palate

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19
Q

Inferior boundary of oropharynx

A

superior border of the epiglottis

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20
Q

Anterior boundary of orophayrnx

A

palatoglossal fold

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21
Q

Posterior boundary of oropharynx

A

posterior wall of the pharynx

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22
Q

At what vertebral levels does the oropharynx lie?

A

between C2-C3

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23
Q

Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

A

palatine tonsils

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24
Q

Between what two folds in the oropharynx are the palatine tonsils found?

A

the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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25
Q

What is the space called between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds?

A

tonsillar fossa

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26
Q

Arrangement of tonsils around oropharynx formed by the lingual, palatine, tubal, and pharyngeal tonsils

A

tonsillar ring

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27
Q

Superior boundary of laryngopharynx

A

superior border of epiglottis

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28
Q

Inferior boundary of laryngopharynx

A

lower border of cricoid cartilage where it meets the esophagus

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29
Q

Anterior boundary of laryngopharynx

A

posterior surface of larynx

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30
Q

Posteior Boundary of laryngopharynx

A

posterior wall of the pharynx

31
Q

An opening into the larynx and is found within the laryngopharynx

A

laryngeal inlet

32
Q

A recess in the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx, on either side of the laryngeal inlet

A

Piriform fossa

33
Q

Foreign objects stuck here can cause halitosis

A

piriform fossa

34
Q

List the two muscular layers of the pharynx

A

External and longitudinal layers

35
Q

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are synonymous with

A

the external layer of muscle

36
Q

Origin of inferior constrictor muscle

A

cricoid and thyroid cartilage

37
Q

Insertion of inferior constrictor muscle

A

pharyngeal raphe

38
Q

Innervation to inferior constrictor muscle

A

vagus via pharyngeal plexus and external laryngeal nerve

39
Q

Function of inferior constrictor muscle

A

contracts pharynx during swallowing

40
Q

Origin of middle constrictor muscle

A

greater and lesser horns of hyoid

41
Q

Insertion of middle constrictor muscle

A

pharyngeal raphe

42
Q

Innervation of middle constrictor muscle

A

vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

43
Q

Function of middle constrictor muscle

A

contracts pharynx during swallowing

44
Q

Origin of superior constrictor muscle

A

medial pterygoid plate, alveolar part of mandible, and side of tongue

45
Q

Insertion of superior constrictor muscle

A

pharyngeal raphe

46
Q

Innervation of superior constrictor muscle

A

vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

47
Q

Function of superior constrictor muscle

A

contracts pharynx during swallowing

48
Q

Specialized band of muscle formed by superior constrictor muscle that helps seal the pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing

A

Palatopharyngeal sphincter

49
Q

Origin of stylopharyngeus

A

styloid process

50
Q

Insertion of stylopharyngeus

A

thyroid cartilage

51
Q

Innervation of stylopharyngeus

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

52
Q

Function of stylopharyngeus

A

elevates pharynx

53
Q

Origin of palatopharyngeus

A

soft palate

54
Q

Insertion of palatopharyngeus

A

wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage

55
Q

Innervation of palatopharyngeus

A

vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

56
Q

Function of palatopharyngeus

A

elevates pharynx and narrows oropharynx

57
Q

Origin of salpingopharyngeus

A

torus tubularis and opening of pharyngotympanic tube

58
Q

Insertion of salpingopharyngeus

A

wall of pharynx

59
Q

Innervation of salpingopharyngeus

A

vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

60
Q

Function of salpingopharyngeus

A

elevates pharynx and opens pharyngotympanic tube

61
Q

The pharyngeal plexus is formed by

A

pharyngeal branch of vagus

pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal

sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

62
Q

List the arteries of the pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal and maxillary arteries

63
Q

A layer of fascia surrounding the pharynx external to its muscles

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

64
Q

What is the buccopharyngeal fascia continuous with?

A

the pretracheal fascia below it

65
Q

A layer of fascia which lies internal to the muscles of the pharynx and external to its mucosa

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

66
Q

A potential space between the buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

A

retropharyngeal space

67
Q

What extends down into the thorax and permits free movement of the pharynx and esophagus during swallowing?

A

retropharyngeal space

68
Q

A hemorrhage from cervical trauma or abcesses from pharyngeal infection here may cause the posterior wall of the pharynx to expand forward potentially leading to suffocation

A

retropharyngeal space

69
Q

In radiology, look for the widen of this in cases of cervical trauma or pharyngeal abcesses

A

retropharyngeal space

70
Q

The common term for deglutition

A

swallowing

71
Q

Describe the first stage of deglutition

A

the tongue moves the bolus back into the oropharyngeal isthmus

72
Q

Describe the second stage of deglutition

A

The palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus move the bolus into the oropharynx. Simultaneously, the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles elevate the soft palate and close off the pharyngeal isthmus

73
Q

The stylopharygeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus elevate the walls of the pharynx. At the same time, the suprahyoid muscle elevates the hyoid and larynx under the bulge of the tongue, which flexes the epiglottis over the laryngeal inlet. What stage of deglutition does this describe?

A

the third tage

74
Q

The superior, middle, and inferior constrictor msucles contract in sequence to move the bolus through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx and into the esophagus. Peristalsis pushes the bolus into the stomach. What stage of deglutition does this describe?

A

the fourth stage

Gross II (9 decks)

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