Unit I Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Flashcards
List the functions of the nasal cavity
airway, olfaction, warming and moistening air, and cleansing air
What are the choanae?
posterior apertures of the nasal cavity that open into the nasopharynx
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
the nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and body of the sphenoid
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine
What bones form the hard palate?
the maxilla and palatine
What forms the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity?
septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, and vomer
What is a deviated septum?
the nasal septum doesn’t lie in the medial plane
What could be causes of a deviated septum?
congenital, birth injury, and post-natal trauma
What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
nasal bone, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, perpindicular plate of the palatine, and medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
What is the function of nasal conchae?
increase surface area; increase warming, moistening and cleansing
causes turbulence; good for cleansing
List the structures of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
Which two conchae are a part of the ethmoid?
the superior and middle conchae
What anatomical variation is presentin conchae?
sometimes a higher conchae is above the superior concha
Where does the sphenoethmoidal recess lie?
above and behind the superior nasal concha
The sphenoethmoidal recess receives the opening of the
sphenoid sinus
The superior meatus lies
just below the superior nasal concha
The superior meatus recieves an opening from the
posterior ethmoidal cells
The middle meatus lies
just below the middle concha
The middle meatus recievs an openings from the
frontal and maxillary sinuses, and middle and anterior ethmoidal cells
What is the ethmoidal bulla?
a small projection into the middle meatus
The ethmoidal bulla receives an opening from
the middle ethmoidal cells
Where does the hiatus semilunaris lie?
below the ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatus
What structures open onto the hiatus semilunaris?
frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal cells, and maxillary sinus
Where does the inerior meatus lie?
below the inferior nasal concha
What opens onto the inferior meatus?
the nasolacrimal duct
What connects the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity?
the nasolacrimal duct
What is the nasal vestibule?
are just inside each nostril
What is contained within the nasal vestibule?
hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
What is the respiratory region?
the lower 2/3 of the nasal cavity
What is anosmia?
the loss of olfaction
What is the olfactory region?
the superior nasal concha and upper 1/3 of the nasal septum
What is contained in the olfactory region?
fibers of the olfactory nerve
What is the special sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?
the olfactory nerve
What is the general sensory innervation to the nasal cavity?
the maxillary and opthalamic branches of the trigeminal
What is the autonomic innervation of the nasal cavity?
pterygopalatine ganglion
What supplies blood to the nasal cavity?
sphenopalatine branch of the maxillary artery
anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalamic artery
What is epistaxis?
a noseblood
What constitutes mild epistaxis?
small branches in or near the vestibule rupture
What constitutes severe epistaxis?
the spurting of arterial blood
What would cause a severe epistaxis?
the rupture of the sphenopalatine artery at one of its anastomoses
HTN, blood disorders, and drug abuse
Where does lymph from the nasal cavity drain to?
deep cervical lymph nodes
What is the result of outgrowths from the nasal cavity?
paranasal sinuses
The frontal sinus lies
in the frontal bone
The frontal sinus opens into the
hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus
Via what, does the frontal sinus open into the hiatus semilunaris?
the frontonasal duct
Of all the paranasal sinuses which one is most prone to infections?
the maxillary sinus
What is the largest paranasal sinus?
the maxillary sinus
Where does the maxillary sinus lie?
within the maxilla on the lateral side of the nasal cavity and inferior to the orbit
What does the maxillary sinus open into?
the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus
What is the only paranasal sinus that may be present at birth?
the maxillary sinus
Which sinus is passed through for pituitary surgery?
the sphenoidal sinus
Where does the sphenoidal sinus lie?
in the body of the sphenoid
What does the sphenoid sinus open into?
the sphenoethmoidal recess
What is the ethmoid sinus and where does it lie?
groups of ethmoidal cells that lies in the ethmoid between the orbit and nasal cavity
What are the groups of ethmoidal cells in the ethmoid sinus?
posterior, middle, and anterior ethmoidal cells
The posterior ethmoidal cells opens into
the superior meatus
The middle ethmoidal cells open into
the ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatus
The anterior ethmoidal cells open into
the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus
Sinusitis is an infection of the
paranasal sinuses
Acute pahryngitis is an infection of the
nasopharynx
What is the most commonly infected nasal cavity?
the nasopharynx
Otits media is an infection of the
middle ear via the pharyngotympanic tube
Conjuctivits is an infection of the
lacrimal apparatus and conjuctiva via the nasolacrimal duct
What is the common name for conjuctivitis?
pink eye
Describe the route Meningitis or brain abcesses may take to infect the brain
cribriform plate to the anterior cranial fossa
Mastoiditis is an infection of the
mastoid air cells via the aditus from the middle ear
CSF dripping through the nose could indicate damage to the
cribriform plate
