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Gross II > Unit I Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

Unit I Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the nasal cavity

A

airway, olfaction, warming and moistening air, and cleansing air

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2
Q

What are the choanae?

A

posterior apertures of the nasal cavity that open into the nasopharynx

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3
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

the nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and body of the sphenoid

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4
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine

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5
Q

What bones form the hard palate?

A

the maxilla and palatine

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6
Q

What forms the medial wall (nasal septum) of the nasal cavity?

A

septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, and vomer

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7
Q

What is a deviated septum?

A

the nasal septum doesn’t lie in the medial plane

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8
Q

What could be causes of a deviated septum?

A

congenital, birth injury, and post-natal trauma

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9
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal bone, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, perpindicular plate of the palatine, and medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

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10
Q

What is the function of nasal conchae?

A

increase surface area; increase warming, moistening and cleansing

causes turbulence; good for cleansing

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11
Q

List the structures of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

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12
Q

Which two conchae are a part of the ethmoid?

A

the superior and middle conchae

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13
Q

What anatomical variation is presentin conchae?

A

sometimes a higher conchae is above the superior concha

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14
Q

Where does the sphenoethmoidal recess lie?

A

above and behind the superior nasal concha

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15
Q

The sphenoethmoidal recess receives the opening of the

A

sphenoid sinus

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16
Q

The superior meatus lies

A

just below the superior nasal concha

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17
Q

The superior meatus recieves an opening from the

A

posterior ethmoidal cells

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18
Q

The middle meatus lies

A

just below the middle concha

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19
Q

The middle meatus recievs an openings from the

A

frontal and maxillary sinuses, and middle and anterior ethmoidal cells

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20
Q

What is the ethmoidal bulla?

A

a small projection into the middle meatus

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21
Q

The ethmoidal bulla receives an opening from

A

the middle ethmoidal cells

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22
Q

Where does the hiatus semilunaris lie?

A

below the ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatus

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23
Q

What structures open onto the hiatus semilunaris?

A

frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal cells, and maxillary sinus

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24
Q

Where does the inerior meatus lie?

A

below the inferior nasal concha

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25
Q

What opens onto the inferior meatus?

A

the nasolacrimal duct

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26
Q

What connects the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity?

A

the nasolacrimal duct

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27
Q

What is the nasal vestibule?

A

are just inside each nostril

28
Q

What is contained within the nasal vestibule?

A

hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

29
Q

What is the respiratory region?

A

the lower 2/3 of the nasal cavity

30
Q

What is anosmia?

A

the loss of olfaction

31
Q

What is the olfactory region?

A

the superior nasal concha and upper 1/3 of the nasal septum

32
Q

What is contained in the olfactory region?

A

fibers of the olfactory nerve

33
Q

What is the special sensory innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

the olfactory nerve

34
Q

What is the general sensory innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

the maxillary and opthalamic branches of the trigeminal

35
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

36
Q

What supplies blood to the nasal cavity?

A

sphenopalatine branch of the maxillary artery

anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalamic artery

37
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

a noseblood

38
Q

What constitutes mild epistaxis?

A

small branches in or near the vestibule rupture

39
Q

What constitutes severe epistaxis?

A

the spurting of arterial blood

40
Q

What would cause a severe epistaxis?

A

the rupture of the sphenopalatine artery at one of its anastomoses

HTN, blood disorders, and drug abuse

41
Q

Where does lymph from the nasal cavity drain to?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

42
Q

What is the result of outgrowths from the nasal cavity?

A

paranasal sinuses

43
Q

The frontal sinus lies

A

in the frontal bone

44
Q

The frontal sinus opens into the

A

hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus

45
Q

Via what, does the frontal sinus open into the hiatus semilunaris?

A

the frontonasal duct

46
Q

Of all the paranasal sinuses which one is most prone to infections?

A

the maxillary sinus

47
Q

What is the largest paranasal sinus?

A

the maxillary sinus

48
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus lie?

A

within the maxilla on the lateral side of the nasal cavity and inferior to the orbit

49
Q

What does the maxillary sinus open into?

A

the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus

50
Q

What is the only paranasal sinus that may be present at birth?

A

the maxillary sinus

51
Q

Which sinus is passed through for pituitary surgery?

A

the sphenoidal sinus

52
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus lie?

A

in the body of the sphenoid

53
Q

What does the sphenoid sinus open into?

A

the sphenoethmoidal recess

54
Q

What is the ethmoid sinus and where does it lie?

A

groups of ethmoidal cells that lies in the ethmoid between the orbit and nasal cavity

55
Q

What are the groups of ethmoidal cells in the ethmoid sinus?

A

posterior, middle, and anterior ethmoidal cells

56
Q

The posterior ethmoidal cells opens into

A

the superior meatus

57
Q

The middle ethmoidal cells open into

A

the ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatus

58
Q

The anterior ethmoidal cells open into

A

the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

59
Q

Sinusitis is an infection of the

A

paranasal sinuses

60
Q

Acute pahryngitis is an infection of the

A

nasopharynx

61
Q

What is the most commonly infected nasal cavity?

A

the nasopharynx

62
Q

Otits media is an infection of the

A

middle ear via the pharyngotympanic tube

63
Q

Conjuctivits is an infection of the

A

lacrimal apparatus and conjuctiva via the nasolacrimal duct

64
Q

What is the common name for conjuctivitis?

A

pink eye

65
Q

Describe the route Meningitis or brain abcesses may take to infect the brain

A

cribriform plate to the anterior cranial fossa

66
Q

Mastoiditis is an infection of the

A

mastoid air cells via the aditus from the middle ear

67
Q

CSF dripping through the nose could indicate damage to the

A

cribriform plate

Gross II (9 decks)

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