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Gross II > Unit I Deep structures of the Neck > Flashcards

Unit I Deep structures of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

List the two layers of the cervical fasciaList

A

Deep and superficial layer

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2
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia enclose?

A

the platysma

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3
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

A

cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, and lymph nodes

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4
Q

What are the four subdivisions of the deep cervical fascia?

A

investing layer of the deep cervical fascia, pretracheal fascia, prevertebral fascia, and carotid sheath

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5
Q

The investing layer of the deep cervical encloses what?

A

the SCM and trapezius

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6
Q

The pretracheal fascia encloses what?

A

the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

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7
Q

The prevertebral fascia encloses what?

A

the vertebral column and deep muscles of the back

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8
Q

List the structures within the carotid sheath

A

common and internal carotid artery, internal carotid vein, vagus nerve, and deep cervical lymph nodes

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9
Q

What is the function of the fascial layers of the neck?

A

reduce the friction during gross movements of the head and neck and during swallowing

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10
Q

What is the clinical significance of the fasical layers of the neck?

A

the pretracheal fascia can allow infection to spread to the mediastinum directly, and cancers involving the deep cervical lymph nodes can compress the internal jugular vein casuing an increase in intracranial pressure

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11
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?

A

an opening through which structures of the neck pass into the thorax

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12
Q

List the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?

A

first thoracic vertebra, first ribs and their cartilages, and manubirum of sternum

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13
Q

List the arteries that pass through the thoracic inlet

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian, and internal thoracic artery

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14
Q

List the veins that pass through the thoracic inlet

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

List the nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet

A

Phrenic, vagus, recurrent laryngeal nerves, and sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

List the visceral strucutres that pass through the thoracic inlet

A

trachea, esophagus, cervical pleura, apex of the lung, and thymus

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17
Q

What type(s) of injury could cause a collapsed lung?

A

a broken 1st rib or penetrating wound of the neck

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18
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

lung collapse

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19
Q

What lies superior to the thymus?

A

the thyroid

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20
Q

Which muscles lie anteriorly to the thyroid and thymus?

A

the sternohyoid and sternothyroid

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21
Q

What is the blood supply to the thymus?

A

internal thoracic artery

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22
Q

What is the innervation to the thymus?

A

the stellate ganglion of sympathetic trunk and vagus

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23
Q

Being an endocrine gland, the thyroid produces primarily which hormones?

A

thyroxine and calcitonin

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24
Q

At what vertebral levels does the thyroid lay?

A

C5-T1

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25
Q

Which thyroid anatomical variation is present in 50% of individuals?

A

a pyramidal lobe

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26
Q

Besides the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid, what is another common variation in the poulation?

A

the levator glandulae thyroideae muscle

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27
Q

What is the function of the levator glandulae thyroideae muscle?

A

to connect the isthmus of the thyroid with the hyoid

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28
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

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29
Q

Where does the superior thyroid artery come from?

A

the external carotid artery

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30
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?

A

the thyrocervical trunk

31
Q

What arterial variation is present in the blood supply of the thyroid?

A

thyroid Ima artery

32
Q

Where does the thyroid Ima artery stem from?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

33
Q

What artery may be damaged by a trachyotomy?

A

the thyroid Ima artery

34
Q

List the veins of the thyroid

A

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

35
Q

Where does the superior thyroid vein drain to?

A

the internal jugular vein

36
Q

Where does the middle thyroid vein drain to?

A

the internal jugular vein

37
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain to?

A

the brachiocephalic vein

38
Q

What are the innervations of the thyroid?

A

superior, middle, and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia

39
Q

What is a Goiter?

A

an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid that produces swelling in the anterior neck

40
Q

What is an endemic goiter?

A

a goiter due to a dietary deficiency of iodine

41
Q

What do we acquire through our diet that is needed to make thyroxin?

A

iodine

42
Q

Symptoms of an endemic goiter are similar to that of?

A

hypothyroidism

43
Q

What is an exophthalmic goiter?

A

a goiter due to an autoimmune disease

44
Q

Symptoms of an exophthalmic goiter are similar to that of?

A

hyperthyroidism along with bulging eyes

45
Q

What endocrine glands provide calcium homeostasis?

A

the parathyroid glands

46
Q

Where on the thyroid gland are the parathyroid glands located?

A

on the posterior surface

47
Q

What arteries supply the parathyroid glands?

A

the inferior and superior thyroid arteries

48
Q

What is the innervation to the parathyroid glands?

A

inferior or middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

49
Q

What factors contribute to difficulties in thyroid surgery?

A

parathyroid presence, vascularity, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve

50
Q

At what vertebral level does the trachea begin?

A

cervical vertebra 6

51
Q

Once in the thorax what does the trachea do?

A

splits into the left and right bronchi

52
Q

What provides support to the trachea?

A

incomplete cartilaginous rings which open posteriorly

53
Q

What is the blood supply to the trachea

A

the inferior thyroid artery

54
Q

What is the innervation to the trachea?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

55
Q

What muscular tube connects the pharynx to the stomach?

A

the esophagus

56
Q

At what vertebral level does the esophagus begin?

A

cervical vertebra 6

57
Q

What are the main arteries of the head and neck?

A

right and left common carotid arteries

58
Q

What two branches does the common carotid split into?

A

the internal and external carotid arteries

59
Q

The internal carotid artery provides blood to

A

the brain

60
Q

The main source of blood to the structures of the neck, face, and scalp is

A

the external carotid artery

61
Q

How many branches does the external carotid artery contain?

A

eight

62
Q

Which branches of the external carotid artery are used to take a pulse?

A

the facial and superficial arteries

63
Q

Which branches of the external carotid artery represent the terminal branches?

A

the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries

64
Q

A slight dilation of the internal carotid artery

A

the carotid sinus

65
Q

What does the carotid sinus act as?

A

a blood pressure sensor (baroreceptor)

66
Q

What innervates the carotid sinus?

A

the carotid sinus nerve a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

67
Q

The carotid body acts as a

A

chemoreceptor

68
Q

What is the innervation of the carotid body?

A

the carotid sinus nerve as well

69
Q

What is usually the largest vein of the neck?

A

the internal jugular vein

70
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain into?

A

the brachiocephalic vein

71
Q

The dilation of the internal jugular vein just below the jugular foramen

A

superior jugular bulb

72
Q

How many tributaries feed into the internal jugular vein?

A

six

73
Q

The dilation of the internal jugular vein near the brachiocephalic vein

A

the inferior jugular bulb

Gross II (9 decks)

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