Unit I oral cavity Flashcards
1
Q
Roof of the oral cavity
A
the palate
2
Q
Floor of the oral cavity
A
tongue and oral mucosa
3
Q
What supports the tongue and oral mucosa?
A
the mylohyoid and geniohyoid
4
Q
Anterior and Lateral boundaries of the oral cavity
A
the lips and cheeks
5
Q
Posterior boundary of the oral cavity
A
oropharyngeal isthmus, demarcated by the palatoglossal arch
6
Q
List the two parts the oral cavity is divided into
A
oral vestibule and oral cavity proper
7
Q
What constitutes the oral vestibule?
A
the oral cavity external to the tooth rows
8
Q
List the two openings into the oral vestibule
A
labial glands and parotid ducts
9
Q
The parotid duct opens
A
lateral to the maxillary second molar
10
Q
What constitutesthe oral cavity proper?
A
oral cavity internal to the tooth rows
11
Q
Describe the Philtrum
A
median groove, externally, that runs from nose to vermillion border of upper lip
12
Q
The lips contain
A
the orbicularis oris muscle and labial glands
13
Q
The cheeks contain
A
the buccinator muscle and buccal glands (similar to labial glands)
14
Q
The palate forms what two things?
A
the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity
15
Q
List the parts that constitute the palate
A
hard and soft palate
16
Q
The hard palate forms
A
the anterior 2/3 of palate
17
Q
the soft palate forms
A
the posterior 1/3 of the palate
18
Q
The bony partition of the hard palate between the nasal and oral cavities is formed by
A
palatine process of the maxilla (anteriorly)
horizontal plate of the palatine bone (posteriorly)
19
Q
List the foramina of the hard palate
A
incisive, greater palatine, and lesser palatine foramen
20
Q
Which foramina of the hard palate transmits the nasopalatine nerve?
A
the incisive foramen
21
Q
Which foramina of the hard palatine transmit nerves and blood vessels of the same name?
A
the greater and lesser palatine foramina
22
Q
What covers the hard palate?
A
the mucoperiosteum
23
Q
What presents a palatine raphe that ends anteriorly in the incisive papilla?
A
the mucoperiosteum
24
Q
What does the incisive papilla cover?
A
emerging nerves in the oral cavity proper
25
What creates a friction surface in the oral cavity proper?
transverse palatine folds
26
What is elevated during swallowing to close the opening between the nasopharynx above and oropharynx below?
the soft palate
27
The soft palate is continuous with what two lateral arches?
the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
28
What makes up the palatoglossal arch?
palatoglossal fold (superficially)
palatoglossus muscle (deep to fold)
29
What makes up the palatopharyngeal arch?
palatopharyngeal fold (superficially)
palatopharyngeus muscle (deep to fold)
30
Describe the uvula
the median projection of the soft palate
31
Where does the tonsillar fossa lie?
between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngealarches
32
What is contained in the tonsillar fossa?
the palatine tonsil
33
Origin of musculus uvulae
posterior nasal spine
34
Insertion of musculus uvulae
mucous membrane of uvula
35
Innervation of musculus uvulae
vagus nerve via pahryngeal plexus
36
Function of musculus uvulae
elevates uvula
37
Origin of levator veli palatini
inferior surface of temporal bone
38
Insertion of levator veli palatini
aponeurosis of soft palate
39
Innervation of levator veli palatini
vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
40
Function of levator veli palatini
elevates soft palate
41
Origin of tensor veli palatini
scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, and pharyngotympanic tube
42
Insertion of levator veli palatini
its tendon wraps around pterygoid hamulus and inserts into the aponeurosis of the soft palate
43
Innervation of the tensor veli palatini
mandibular branch of the trigeminal
44
Function of the tensor veli palatini
tenses soft palate andopens the pharyngotympanic tube
45
Innervation of the hard palate
greater palatine or nasopalatine nerves
46
Innervation of the soft palate
lesser palatine nerve
47
Blood supply to the hard palate
greater palatine artery (from maxillary)
48
Blood supply to the soft palate
lesser palatine and facial arteries
49
Paralysis of the musculus uvulae on the left side would cause the uvula to deviate right, what nerve is damaged to cause this?
the left vagus nerve (vice versa forthe opposite side)
50
The tongue is attached to__, ___, ___, ___, __ by muscles
the hyoid, mandible, styloid process, palate, and pharynx
51
List the functions of the tongue
Taste, mastication, swallowing, and speech
52
The apex of the tongue rests against
incisor teeth
53
The margin of the tongue rests against
teeth and gum on each side
54
The dorsum of the tongue
is the upper surface of the tongue
55
The inferior surface of the tongue
is the lower surface of the tongue
56
The root of the tongue
is attached to its base
57
The dorsum of the tongue lies
partly in the oral cavity and oropharynx
58
What is the sulcus terminalis?
a v shaped groove that divides the tongue into two parts
59
List the two parts of the tongue that the sulcus terminalis creates
oral part (anterior 2/3)
oropharyngeal part (posterior 1/3)
60
This foramen is located at the apex of the sulcus terminalis
Foramen cecum
61
What is the foramen cecum a remnant of?
embryonic thyroglossal duct
62
A shallow visible groove on the surface of tongue
median groove
63
List the lingual papillae
filiform, fungiform, vallate, and foliate
64
Conical projections with sharply pointed tips
filiform papillae
65
Mushroom shaped and contains taste buds
fungiform papillae
66
Largest of the papillae, and formsa V in front of the sulcus terminalis
vallate papillae
67
Grooves and ridges along the margin of the tongue
foliate papillae
68
Which papillae is sensitive to bitterness and may trigger the gag reflex?
the vallate papillae
69
Describe a thyroglossal cyst
lies on midline of neck and occurs when thyroglossal duct doesn't completely involute and disappear
70
Which direction does the oropharyngeal part of the tongue face?
posteriorly
71
A mass of lymphoid tissue found on the oropharyngeal surface of the tongue
lingual tonsil
72
Which two folds connect the tongue to the epiglottis?
median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
73
The space on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold
Vallecula
74
What connects the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
the fenulum of the tongue
75
What is it called when the frenulum of the tongue is short S-I and long A-P?
Ankyloglossia
76
What is the result of ankyloglossia?
the tongue is bound to the floor of the mouth, impeding speech
77
Nerves, vessels, and extrinsic muscles enter or leave the tongue though the
root of the tongue
78
What is the innervation of all intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
hypoglossal nerve
79
List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus
80
Origin of palatoglossus
soft palate
81
Insertion of palatoglossus
sides of the tongue
82
Innervation of the palatoglossus
vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus
83
Function of the palatoglossus
elevates back of tongue
84
All extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus are innervated by what nerve?
hypoglossal nerve
85
Describe the clinical importance of the genioglossus
pulls tongue forward and prevents tongue from falling backwards, blocking the airway
important for anesthesia and seizure disorders
86
General sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from
the lingual nerve (branch of mandibular from trigeminal)
87
Taste sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from
the chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)
88
What nerve provides general and taste sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve
89
Taste fibers from which cranial nerve crosses the sulcus terminalis to supply the vallate papillae and initiaties the gag reflex?
glossopharyngeal nerve
90
Arterial blood supply to the tongue
lingual artery (from external carotid)
91
Venous blood return from the tongue
lingual vein (to internal jugular)
92
List the lymph nodes assocaited with the tongue
submandibular, sublingual, and deep cervical nodes
93
Where does all lymph from the tongue drain to?
deep cervical lymph nodes
94
Function of the teeth
break down food material to increase surface area to facilitate enzymatic activity and absorption
95
Describe enamel of the teeth
hardest substance in the body
96
What does enamel cover?
the crown of the tooth
97
Describe dentin of the teeth
its internal to enamel
98
Describe the pulp of teeth
fills cavity of tooth
99
What is contained in the pulp of teeth?
nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
100
Where do the strucutres in the pulp of teeth enter at?
a foramen at the apex of the root of the tooth
101
Describe cementum
a bone like substance which covers the root of the tooth
102
Describe the crown of teeth
it projects above the gingivae and is covered in enamel
103
Describe the neck of teeth
the junction between the crown and root
104
Describe the root of teeth
its embedded in the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible; covered in cementum
105
Describe gingivae
specialized oral mucosa that surrounds teeth and covers adjacent alveolar bone
106
List the 4 types of teeth
incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
107
Single rooted, chisled shape teeth used for cutting
incisors
108
Single rooted, pointed teeth used for puncturing and tearing
canines
109
Single or double rooted teeth with broad chewing surfaces used for grinding
premolars
110
Multiple rooted teeth with very broad chewing surfaces used for grinding
molars
111
What would be the labial surface for incisors and canines?
side facing the lip
112
What would be the labial surface for premolars and molars?
side facing the cheeck
113
What would be the lingual surface of teeth?
side facing the tongue
114
What would be the mesial surface of teeth?
side facing anteriorly or towards midline
115
What would be the distal surface of teeth
side facing posteriorly or away from midline
116
What is the occlusal surface of teeth?
the chewing surface
117
What are deciduous teeth?
baby teeth
118
Describe the types of teeth in deciduous teeth
2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars
119
How many teeth are total in deciduous teeth?
20
120
Describe the types of teeth in permanent teeth
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars
121
How many teeth are total in permanent teeth?
32
122
What type of teeth replace deciduous molars?
premolars
123
What is the innervation of maxillary teeth?
superior alveolar branches from the maxillary of the trigeminal nerve
124
What is the innervation of mandibular teeth?
inferior alveolar branches from the mandibular of the trigeminal
