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Gross II > Unit I oral cavity > Flashcards

Unit I oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Roof of the oral cavity

A

the palate

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2
Q

Floor of the oral cavity

A

tongue and oral mucosa

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3
Q

What supports the tongue and oral mucosa?

A

the mylohyoid and geniohyoid

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4
Q

Anterior and Lateral boundaries of the oral cavity

A

the lips and cheeks

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5
Q

Posterior boundary of the oral cavity

A

oropharyngeal isthmus, demarcated by the palatoglossal arch

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6
Q

List the two parts the oral cavity is divided into

A

oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

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7
Q

What constitutes the oral vestibule?

A

the oral cavity external to the tooth rows

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8
Q

List the two openings into the oral vestibule

A

labial glands and parotid ducts

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9
Q

The parotid duct opens

A

lateral to the maxillary second molar

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10
Q

What constitutesthe oral cavity proper?

A

oral cavity internal to the tooth rows

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11
Q

Describe the Philtrum

A

median groove, externally, that runs from nose to vermillion border of upper lip

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12
Q

The lips contain

A

the orbicularis oris muscle and labial glands

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13
Q

The cheeks contain

A

the buccinator muscle and buccal glands (similar to labial glands)

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14
Q

The palate forms what two things?

A

the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity

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15
Q

List the parts that constitute the palate

A

hard and soft palate

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16
Q

The hard palate forms

A

the anterior 2/3 of palate

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17
Q

the soft palate forms

A

the posterior 1/3 of the palate

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18
Q

The bony partition of the hard palate between the nasal and oral cavities is formed by

A

palatine process of the maxilla (anteriorly)

horizontal plate of the palatine bone (posteriorly)

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19
Q

List the foramina of the hard palate

A

incisive, greater palatine, and lesser palatine foramen

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20
Q

Which foramina of the hard palate transmits the nasopalatine nerve?

A

the incisive foramen

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21
Q

Which foramina of the hard palatine transmit nerves and blood vessels of the same name?

A

the greater and lesser palatine foramina

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22
Q

What covers the hard palate?

A

the mucoperiosteum

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23
Q

What presents a palatine raphe that ends anteriorly in the incisive papilla?

A

the mucoperiosteum

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24
Q

What does the incisive papilla cover?

A

emerging nerves in the oral cavity proper

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25
Q

What creates a friction surface in the oral cavity proper?

A

transverse palatine folds

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26
Q

What is elevated during swallowing to close the opening between the nasopharynx above and oropharynx below?

A

the soft palate

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27
Q

The soft palate is continuous with what two lateral arches?

A

the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

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28
Q

What makes up the palatoglossal arch?

A

palatoglossal fold (superficially)

palatoglossus muscle (deep to fold)

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29
Q

What makes up the palatopharyngeal arch?

A

palatopharyngeal fold (superficially)

palatopharyngeus muscle (deep to fold)

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30
Q

Describe the uvula

A

the median projection of the soft palate

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31
Q

Where does the tonsillar fossa lie?

A

between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngealarches

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32
Q

What is contained in the tonsillar fossa?

A

the palatine tonsil

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33
Q

Origin of musculus uvulae

A

posterior nasal spine

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34
Q

Insertion of musculus uvulae

A

mucous membrane of uvula

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35
Q

Innervation of musculus uvulae

A

vagus nerve via pahryngeal plexus

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36
Q

Function of musculus uvulae

A

elevates uvula

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37
Q

Origin of levator veli palatini

A

inferior surface of temporal bone

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38
Q

Insertion of levator veli palatini

A

aponeurosis of soft palate

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39
Q

Innervation of levator veli palatini

A

vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

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40
Q

Function of levator veli palatini

A

elevates soft palate

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41
Q

Origin of tensor veli palatini

A

scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, and pharyngotympanic tube

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42
Q

Insertion of levator veli palatini

A

its tendon wraps around pterygoid hamulus and inserts into the aponeurosis of the soft palate

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43
Q

Innervation of the tensor veli palatini

A

mandibular branch of the trigeminal

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44
Q

Function of the tensor veli palatini

A

tenses soft palate andopens the pharyngotympanic tube

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45
Q

Innervation of the hard palate

A

greater palatine or nasopalatine nerves

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46
Q

Innervation of the soft palate

A

lesser palatine nerve

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47
Q

Blood supply to the hard palate

A

greater palatine artery (from maxillary)

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48
Q

Blood supply to the soft palate

A

lesser palatine and facial arteries

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49
Q

Paralysis of the musculus uvulae on the left side would cause the uvula to deviate right, what nerve is damaged to cause this?

A

the left vagus nerve (vice versa forthe opposite side)

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50
Q

The tongue is attached to__, ___, ___, ___, __ by muscles

A

the hyoid, mandible, styloid process, palate, and pharynx

51
Q

List the functions of the tongue

A

Taste, mastication, swallowing, and speech

52
Q

The apex of the tongue rests against

A

incisor teeth

53
Q

The margin of the tongue rests against

A

teeth and gum on each side

54
Q

The dorsum of the tongue

A

is the upper surface of the tongue

55
Q

The inferior surface of the tongue

A

is the lower surface of the tongue

56
Q

The root of the tongue

A

is attached to its base

57
Q

The dorsum of the tongue lies

A

partly in the oral cavity and oropharynx

58
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

a v shaped groove that divides the tongue into two parts

59
Q

List the two parts of the tongue that the sulcus terminalis creates

A

oral part (anterior 2/3)

oropharyngeal part (posterior 1/3)

60
Q

This foramen is located at the apex of the sulcus terminalis

A

Foramen cecum

61
Q

What is the foramen cecum a remnant of?

A

embryonic thyroglossal duct

62
Q

A shallow visible groove on the surface of tongue

A

median groove

63
Q

List the lingual papillae

A

filiform, fungiform, vallate, and foliate

64
Q

Conical projections with sharply pointed tips

A

filiform papillae

65
Q

Mushroom shaped and contains taste buds

A

fungiform papillae

66
Q

Largest of the papillae, and formsa V in front of the sulcus terminalis

A

vallate papillae

67
Q

Grooves and ridges along the margin of the tongue

A

foliate papillae

68
Q

Which papillae is sensitive to bitterness and may trigger the gag reflex?

A

the vallate papillae

69
Q

Describe a thyroglossal cyst

A

lies on midline of neck and occurs when thyroglossal duct doesn’t completely involute and disappear

70
Q

Which direction does the oropharyngeal part of the tongue face?

A

posteriorly

71
Q

A mass of lymphoid tissue found on the oropharyngeal surface of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

72
Q

Which two folds connect the tongue to the epiglottis?

A

median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

73
Q

The space on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold

A

Vallecula

74
Q

What connects the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

the fenulum of the tongue

75
Q

What is it called when the frenulum of the tongue is short S-I and long A-P?

A

Ankyloglossia

76
Q

What is the result of ankyloglossia?

A

the tongue is bound to the floor of the mouth, impeding speech

77
Q

Nerves, vessels, and extrinsic muscles enter or leave the tongue though the

A

root of the tongue

78
Q

What is the innervation of all intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal nerve

79
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus

80
Q

Origin of palatoglossus

A

soft palate

81
Q

Insertion of palatoglossus

A

sides of the tongue

82
Q

Innervation of the palatoglossus

A

vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

83
Q

Function of the palatoglossus

A

elevates back of tongue

84
Q

All extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus are innervated by what nerve?

A

hypoglossal nerve

85
Q

Describe the clinical importance of the genioglossus

A

pulls tongue forward and prevents tongue from falling backwards, blocking the airway

important for anesthesia and seizure disorders

86
Q

General sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from

A

the lingual nerve (branch of mandibular from trigeminal)

87
Q

Taste sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is from

A

the chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)

88
Q

What nerve provides general and taste sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

89
Q

Taste fibers from which cranial nerve crosses the sulcus terminalis to supply the vallate papillae and initiaties the gag reflex?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

90
Q

Arterial blood supply to the tongue

A

lingual artery (from external carotid)

91
Q

Venous blood return from the tongue

A

lingual vein (to internal jugular)

92
Q

List the lymph nodes assocaited with the tongue

A

submandibular, sublingual, and deep cervical nodes

93
Q

Where does all lymph from the tongue drain to?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

94
Q

Function of the teeth

A

break down food material to increase surface area to facilitate enzymatic activity and absorption

95
Q

Describe enamel of the teeth

A

hardest substance in the body

96
Q

What does enamel cover?

A

the crown of the tooth

97
Q

Describe dentin of the teeth

A

its internal to enamel

98
Q

Describe the pulp of teeth

A

fills cavity of tooth

99
Q

What is contained in the pulp of teeth?

A

nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics

100
Q

Where do the strucutres in the pulp of teeth enter at?

A

a foramen at the apex of the root of the tooth

101
Q

Describe cementum

A

a bone like substance which covers the root of the tooth

102
Q

Describe the crown of teeth

A

it projects above the gingivae and is covered in enamel

103
Q

Describe the neck of teeth

A

the junction between the crown and root

104
Q

Describe the root of teeth

A

its embedded in the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible; covered in cementum

105
Q

Describe gingivae

A

specialized oral mucosa that surrounds teeth and covers adjacent alveolar bone

106
Q

List the 4 types of teeth

A

incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

107
Q

Single rooted, chisled shape teeth used for cutting

A

incisors

108
Q

Single rooted, pointed teeth used for puncturing and tearing

A

canines

109
Q

Single or double rooted teeth with broad chewing surfaces used for grinding

A

premolars

110
Q

Multiple rooted teeth with very broad chewing surfaces used for grinding

A

molars

111
Q

What would be the labial surface for incisors and canines?

A

side facing the lip

112
Q

What would be the labial surface for premolars and molars?

A

side facing the cheeck

113
Q

What would be the lingual surface of teeth?

A

side facing the tongue

114
Q

What would be the mesial surface of teeth?

A

side facing anteriorly or towards midline

115
Q

What would be the distal surface of teeth

A

side facing posteriorly or away from midline

116
Q

What is the occlusal surface of teeth?

A

the chewing surface

117
Q

What are deciduous teeth?

A

baby teeth

118
Q

Describe the types of teeth in deciduous teeth

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars

119
Q

How many teeth are total in deciduous teeth?

A

20

120
Q

Describe the types of teeth in permanent teeth

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars

121
Q

How many teeth are total in permanent teeth?

A

32

122
Q

What type of teeth replace deciduous molars?

A

premolars

123
Q

What is the innervation of maxillary teeth?

A

superior alveolar branches from the maxillary of the trigeminal nerve

124
Q

What is the innervation of mandibular teeth?

A

inferior alveolar branches from the mandibular of the trigeminal

Gross II (9 decks)

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