Unit final terms Flashcards
What are the 2 components of water?? Whats the ratio?
Hydrogen and oxygen, the ratio is 1:2
What is covalent bonding?
When atoms share electrons, its a bonding type
Why is water unable to have an equal covalent bond?
Cause o2 is more electronegative
When does polarity occur?
When there is differences in atomic electronegativities
What is an hydrogen bond?
When a weak bond interaction the between - and + ‘s regions of 2 different molecules
What is cohesion?
When 2 of the same hydrogen bonds with one another
What is adhesion?
When 2 different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
What is surface tension?
when hydrogen bonds between water molecules at the surface
What does water cohesive property allow for? What is another name for it?
It allows for water to absorb thermal energy before changing chemical states allowing for water to stay heated. High heat capacity
What does the law of conservation state?
It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed
What do living systems constantly need?
A constant input of energy to grow, reproduce and maintain organization
Where do living systems get there energy from?
energy stored in chemical bonds
What are the 4 required macromolecules required by living systems?
Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Nucleic Acids and lipids
What atoms build up nucleic acids?
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous
What atoms build up Carbohydrates?
Carbon. thats it lol
What atoms build up Lipids?
Carbon and phosphorus
What atoms build up proteins?
carbon and nitrogen
What functional groups are in carbohydrates?
Hydroxyl ( −OH) and Carboxyl (COOH)
What functional groups are in Proteins?
Anime (NH2), Hydroxyl ( −OH) and Carboxyl (COOH)
What function group is in Lipids?
Ester (O=C−O)
What functional groups is in Nucleic Acids?
Phosphate (PO4), Amino (NH2), Carboxyl (COOH)
What is carbon’s role?
to build macromolecules, store energy and form cells
What is a monomer?
chemical subunits used to build polymers
What is a polymer?
a macromolecule made of many monomers
What do dehydration synthesis reactions do?
Create macromolecules
What is removed during dehydration synthesis?
The components h20 is removes from interacting molecules and a covalent bond is formed between them.
What is polymers broken down to during hydrolysis?
Monomers
What r examples of nucleotides? What are the difference between them?
DNA and RNA. DNA contains deoxyribose sugars and RNA contain ribose
What happens to the bonds during hydrolysis? What happens to the water molecule that was broken off in dehydration synthesis?
They are broken, the water is added back into the monomers
What is a polypeptide?
the structure of proteins and determines the structure of a protein
Is lipid polar or nonpolar?
Non - Polar
What are lipids compromised of ?
Fatty Acids and Glycerol
What determine the structure and function of a lipid?
Fatty acid components based on saturation
What are lipids that contain phosphorous called?
Phospholipids
What do phospholipids contain?
Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components
What is Evolution?
change is specific genetic makeup over time nd is supported by multiple lines of evidence
What is Natural selection?
in which organisms that have evolved have a better chance of survival, reproduction.
What r Ionic bonds?
the transfer of electrons and causes ions to have opposite charges together
What are hydrogen bonds?
result from the attraction between partial positive and negative charges in atoms.
How to tell anything is a sugar?
if the word ends in ose
What does each structure of a protein include?
Primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure
