U5 terms Flashcards
Irreversible Inhibiters
Bind tightly to enzyme and arent easily displaced
Reversible Inhibiters
Can be displaced from the enzyme and has a role as enzyme regulators in metabolic pathways
Competitive Inhibitors
Binds/competes w the active site and blocks substrate
Non-competitive Inhibitors
Does not occupy the active site but distorts it so that the substrate and the enzyme don’t react
Allosteric Regulation
A form of non competitive regulation, where it binds to a enzyme somewhere other than the active site. Controls enzymes in metabolic pathways
Enzymes
Biological catalysts and can speed up chem reactions
Substrate
is a reactant and enzymes act on these
Active Site
Where substrate bind toenzymes and chem reactions occur to form the product.
Denaturation
can lose shape and function this can be because of the heat and PH
Intercellular Enzymes
Perform activity inside of cell that produces it
Extracellular Enzymes
Functions outside of cell that it originates from, produced in one location but active in another
Induced Fit Model
shows that enzymes are flexible and change shape when interacting with substrate
Active Transport
Requires energy and molecules travel against the concentration gradient
Passive transport
movement of molecules along the concentration gradient, no energy needed
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane
Endocytosis
Type of active transport that in which the plasma membrane folds around the substance in order to transport it across the membrane and into the cell
Exocytosis
an active transport process in which the secretory vesicle merges with the plasma membrane to expel particles from the cell and into extracellular space
Hypertonic
Low solute concentration
water enters cell
solution swells
Isotonic
water moves in and out of cell
cell stays the same size
Hypotonic
more solute solution outside
water exists cell
cell shrinks
Phagocytosis
the engulfing of solid material to form vacuoles or phagosomes
Receptor meditated endocytosis
triggered when certain metabolites bind to to specific receptor proteins so that the material can be engulfed
Pinocytosis
the intake of liquids in order to form pinocytic vesicles
Electrochemical Gradient
The combo of concentration gradient and voltage that effects ions movement
Endergonic
absorbs energy in the form of work, reactions are nonspontaneous and reaction w a positive ∆G (∆G > 0)
Exergonic
the release of energy, the energy of the reactants is higher than the energy of the products, is spontaneous nd product is negative
Diffusion
random movement of molecules from high concentration areas to low concentration areas
Facilitated Diffusion
diffusion that requires a helper protein
