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NEBOSH Environmental Diploma > Unit ED1: Element 1: Principles of environmental risk management > Flashcards

Unit ED1: Element 1: Principles of environmental risk management Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of the environment

A

Surroundings in which a organization operates including land, air water, natural resources, fauna and flora, humans and their inter relationships

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2
Q

What is the definition of the ecosystem

A

Communities of interdependent organisms and the physical environment which they inhabit

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3
Q

What is the definition of biodiversity

A

The variety of life in a given area typically expressed in relation to an ecosystem
, species and genetic variation with species

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4
Q

What is the definition of environmental aspects

A

Those elements of an organizations activities, products and services which can interact with the environment

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5
Q

List the different types of environmental aspects

A 
SHARLENE
Solid waste 
Hazardous material usage 
Air emissions
Raw material usage 
Land usage 
Energy usage 
Noise / nuisance
Effluent discharge
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6
Q

What is the definition of Environmental Impact

A

Environmental changes occurring as result of a organizations aspects

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7
Q

List the different types of environmental impacts

A 
Human beings 
Flora and fauna 
 Soil 
Water 
Air and climate 
Landscape 
Cultural heritage and material assets
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8
Q

List the 4 steps in the hydrological cycle

A
  • Water is transferred to the atmosphere by evaporation from water bodies, such as lakes, seas, rivers and released from vegetation
  • Water vapour gathers, rises and begins to cool to form clouds that eventually release the water in the form of rain, sleet or snow
  • On reaching the land surface, the water is absorbed into the ground or is retained in soil and plants.
  • It runs off the surface to enter streams or rivers and evaporates or is transpired back to the atmosphere. The cycle can begin again.
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9
Q

List the 5 major main parts in the global water cycle:

A
  • The atmosphere.
  • The land surface
  • Surface drainage.
  • Ground water
  • The seas and oceans
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10
Q

List the causes of Disruption to the water cycle

A
  • global climate change
  • hydroelectric systems
  • water extraction and drainage of wetlands
  • accumulation of pollution in water ways
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11
Q

List the steps of the carbon cycle

A
  • Carbon from atmosphere to plants
  • Carbon moves from plants to animals
  • Carbon moves from plants & animals to soil
  • Carbon moves from living things to atmosphere through respiration
  • Carbon moves from fossil fuels to atmosphere when fuels are burned
  • Carbon moves from atmosphere to oceans
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12
Q

Effects of increased carbon in cycle has led to consequences such as

A

Ozone depletion
Smog
Acid deposition

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13
Q

What is Eutrophication

A

Is the enrichment of watercourses by certain plant nutrients which results in the growth of algal blooms in watercourses

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14
Q

List the elements of the Phosphorus cycle

A
  • Begins in sedimentary rock where it is removed via weathering to the soils and underground water
  • Plants take up the phosphorus
  • Plants eaten by herbivore passed to their system
  • Passed to carnivore when herbivore is eaten
  • Cycle is then completed when phosphorus is returned back to soil via urine, faeces or carcass of dead animal
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15
Q

There are various factors that will affect the biodiversity across the globe and these include:

A
  • Temperature
  • The amount of rainfall.
  • Presence of predators and other species.
  • Altitude
  • Soil conditions/types.
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16
Q

What is the definition of Sustainability

A

Our Common Future by the WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development:
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

17
Q

List the Drivers for Sustainability.

A
  • The Precautionary Principle

- The Polluter Pays Principles

18
Q

What is the precautionary principle

A

The Precautionary Principle refers to the need to implement changes in the absence of absolute scientific proof

19
Q

What is the The Polluter Pays Principles

A

The Polluter Pays Principles identifies the need for the polluter to pay for the damage to the environment of the pollutant that they release

20
Q

Design and Construction with Sustainability as an Objective includes:

A
  • reduction in raw materials
  • improved recycling
  • greater service life
  • decrease in energy and water usage
  • reduction in use of hazardous material
21
Q

List the 3 reasons for environmental management

A
  • legal
  • moral
  • financial
22
Q

How Can You Tell If You Have An Environmental Problem?

A
  • Obvious contaminations such as visible oil spill
  • Odours from disturbed ground.
  • The absence of vegetation compared with similar areas of ground.
  • Damage to vegetation.
  • Contaminated water courses.
  • People and animals becoming ill.
  • Dead animals.
23
Q

When assessing environmental risk the following need to be undertaken:

A
  • Determine the hazards.
  • Determine the likelihood of the hazards.
  • Gather data
  • Check guidance
  • Look for evidence of harm.
  • Assess the risk.
24
Q

What does the term Ecotoxic mean

A

This term is applied to substances or waste, which if released into the environment, may present immediate or delayed adverse impacts to the environment.

25
Q

What does the term Ecotoxins mean

A

These are hazardous by means of bioaccumulation and, or their toxic effects upon biotic systems. They can accumulate in the tissues of animals or plants to a concentration higher than the surrounding environment and have toxic effects when absorbed by a living organism.

26
Q

What is the definition of a nuisance

A

Interference with another’s use and enjoyment of the environment (including loss of amenity) through something that annoys, bothers or causes damage to that person or their property.

27
Q

List examples of nuisance

A
  • smoke
  • dust
  • insects
  • animals
  • noise
  • smells
  • light
  • gases
  • property
28
Q

Whatever sources of data are considered it must be ensured that its limitations are understood, in particular data must be:

A
  • relevant
  • accurate
  • transparent
  • complete
  • consistent
  • faithful
  • non biased
29
Q

Data from environmental monitoring is a key tool to help evaluate environmental risk. In particular it will help an organisation to:

A
  • Understand the environmental impact of an activity.
  • Determine the efficiency of a process including any equipment that has been installed to
    control pollution.
  • Generally understand whether risk controls are adequate.
  • Evaluate compliance with relevant environmental legislation.
30
Q

List the two categories of monitoring

A
  • proactive monitoring

- reactive monitoring

31
Q

What is proactive monitoring

A

takes place to ensure damage does not occur by keeping a track of company emissions; ensuring that emission guidelines are being met.

32
Q

What is reactive monitoring

A

Reactive monitoring occurs after an event to see what level of emissions etc. were released and the impact it has caused.

33
Q

How do you know if monitoring is required?

A
  • Legal requirements
  • Part of license approval
  • There may also be signs of environmental damage
34
Q

What is a A biological indicator

A

A biological indicator is an organism or species that shows the health of an environment or ecosystem (in relation to the presence of pollutants) via their responses/changes.

35
Q

What are BI used for

A
  • detect any changes in the environment
  • monitor presence of any pollutants and its affects
  • monitor progress of clean up activities
  • test substances for presence of contaminants
36
Q

What is a risk assessment

A

A RA is a systematic process whereby estimates of a combination of the probability of adverse event occurring over a specified time and its likely magnitude

37
Q

Risks can be classified into at least three broad categories:

A
  • Risks for which statistics of identified casualties are available.
  • Risks for which there may be some evidence, but where connection between suspected cause and injury to any one individual cannot be traced.
  • Experts’ best estimates of probabilities of events that have not yet happened.
38
Q

List the methods of control for environmental risks

A
  • elimination and substitution
  • reduction in emissions & changes to process
  • technical
  • administrative
  • behavioral
39
Q

Factors Affecting the Choice of Control Measures.

A
  • useable and practical
  • temporarily controls are higher risk than permanent controls
  • applicability of controls
  • cost

NEBOSH Environmental Diploma (14 decks)

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