Unit E - respiratory system Flashcards
What parts of the body are used for breathing
The diaphragm (which pushes up) and intercoastal muscles
What does breathing supply the body with
Supplies the body with oxygen so that ATP can be formed by cellular respiration
What is respiration
The process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the cells
What is breathing
The process that brings oxygen into the lungs and expels carbon dioxide
How many types of respiration are there and what are they
Two types: internal respiration (occurs in the lungs) and external respiration (Occurs within the body)
What is the tongue
What is the pharynx
What is the larynx
Part of the oral cavity
Throat; collect air from mouth and nose and passes it to the trachea
Voicebox; contains the vocal chords
What is the epiglottis
Small flap of tissue that guards the entrance to the trachea; closes when food is swallowed
What is the trachea
Windpipe; passage leading from pharynx to lungs
What is the cilia
Very small hairlike structures that moves mucus containing dust, debris, etc. up into the throat where it can be removed or swallowed
What are bronchi
What are bronchiole
What are Alveoli
Main branches of the trachea; tubes that lead into the lungs
Smallest subdivisions of the bronchi
Small air sacs where gas exchange occurs
What are Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels that are embedded in the walls of the alveoli; site of gas exchange
What is the pleural membrane
What is pleural space
Thin membrane that surrounds the outer surface of the lungs
Space between the membrane surrounding the lungs, and lines the inner wall of the chest
What is the diaphragm
What are ribs
Strong wall of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Bones that support and protect the chest cavity; move to a limited degree and help the lungs expand and contract
Describe the path of air
Nasal activity, then pharynx, then larynx, then trachea, then bronchi, then bronchioles, then alveoli
What happens to air when it enters through the nasal cavity?
Air is warmed, moistened, And cleaned
Hairs filter and trap dust, mucus traps particles
What is the trachea protected by
What is the trachea covered with
What else does the trachea also contain
Trachea is protected by the epiglottis
Covered with cilia
Also contains mucus which traps debris
What are bronchioles composed of
Smooth muscles which can decrease in diameter
What are alveoli covered in
Capillaries
What happens to air after the alveoli
The pulmonary vein transports gas in the blood to the heart
Why does pressure in your chest vary
Because of the movement of your thoracic cavity
What happens to pressure when your thoracic cavity expands or compresses
Expands: pressure drops
Compresses: pressure rises
Gases move from a high area pressure to an area of low pressure
Why do inhaling and exhaling occur
Because of the differences between atmospheric pressure and pleural pressure
What is inspiration? When does it occur
Inhaling
Occurs when the pressure inside the lungs is less than it is in the atmosphere
What is expiration? When does it occur
Exhaling
Occurs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than it is in the atmosphere